The effects of “phubbing” on social interaction

Author: Chotpitayasunondh, Varoth; Douglas, Karen M. Description: This research experimentally investigated the social consequences of “phubbing”–the act of snubbing someone in a social setting by concentrating on one’s mobile phone. Participants viewed a three-minute animation in which they imagined themselves as part of a dyadic conversation. Their communication partner either phubbed them extensively, partially, or not at all. Results revealed that increased phubbing significantly and negatively affected perceived communication quality and relationship satisfaction. These effects were mediated by reduced feelings of belongingness and both positive and negative affect. This research…

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Is socially disruptive smartphone use detrimental to well-being? A systematic meta-analytic review on being phubbed

Author: Nunez, Tania R.; Radtke, Theda Description: Phubbing–i.e. excluding and ignoring others through smartphone use–is a pervasive phenomenon. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of its consequences is still lacking. This systematic meta-analytic review aimed to (1) synthesize the associations between being phubbed and emotional and cognitive, social, and behavioural well-being, (2) test the strength of these associations, and (3) investigate moderating influences. Literature searches according to PRISMA-guidelines yielded k = 83 included studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for 24 of 72 extracted consequences. Subgroup analyses were performed for phubbees’ relationship to…

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Who “phubs”? A systematic meta-analytic review of phubbing predictors

Author: Arenz, Anisha; Schnauber-Stockmann, Anna Description: Phubbing (i.e., snubbing someone in face-to-face interactions by focusing on one’s phone instead of those present) has increased enormously in recent years and has become a widespread usage phenomenon that is associated with negative consequences, for instance for relationships and friendships. To better understand the predictors of phubbing behavior, the present paper provides a systematic overview of the growing research field. Based on a meta-analytic review of 79 studies and 526 effect sizes, we identified 10 higher-level predictor categories of phubbing behavior: sociodemographics, personality,…

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The Autocrat’s Corruption Dilemma

Author: Carothers, Christopher Description: A large body of scholarship shows that autocrats can use corruption strategically to strengthen their political hold, such as by distributing rents to their supporters. However, this scholarship often overlooks how corruption may also politically damage autocrats. I argue that corruption often brings substantial political costs alongside its advantages, resulting in a “corruption dilemma” for autocrats. I show that in recent years, public anger over corruption has led to numerous anti-government protests and has been a major cause of autocrats being ousted from power. How politically…

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Bringing the Legislature Back In: Examining the Structural Effects of National Legislatures on Effective Democratic Governance

Author: Tusalem, Rollin F. Description: Extant research in comparative politics has examined the role of institutional frameworks such as constitutional design, the nature of the electoral systems, parliamentarism and federalism on the quality of governance. Understanding variations on effective democratic governance has assumed a state-centric approach that has largely neglected how strong legislatures can drastically affect political outcomes. This study finds empirical evidence that the strength of national legislatures (in terms of its influence over the executive, institutional autonomy, its specified powers and institutional capacity) is correlated to effective democratic…

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Halt the use of facial-recognition technology until it is regulated

Author: Crawford, Kate Description: Until appropriate safeguards are in place, we need a moratorium on biometric technology that identifies individuals. Subject headings: Facial recognition; Biometric technology; Privacy; Ethics; Artificial intelligence; AI Publication year: 2019 Journal or book title: Nature Volume: 572 Issue: 7771 Pages: 565 Find the full text: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02514-7 Find more like this one (cited by): https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=5918763303809055830&as_sdt=1000005&sciodt=0,16&hl=en Serial number: 4051

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The ethical application of biometric facial recognition technology

Author: Smith, Marcus; Miller, Seumas Description: Biometric facial recognition is an artificial intelligence technology involving the automated comparison of facial features, used by law enforcement to identify unknown suspects from photographs and closed circuit television. Its capability is expanding rapidly in association with artificial intelligence and has great potential to solve crime. However, it also carries significant privacy and other ethical implications that require law and regulation. This article examines the rise of biometric facial recognition, current applications and legal developments, and conducts an ethical analysis of the issues that…

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Facial Recognition Technology: Current Capabilities, Future Prospects, and Governance

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Description: Facial recognition technology is increasingly used for identity verification and identification, from aiding law enforcement investigations to identifying potential security threats at large venues. However, advances in this technology have outpaced laws and regulations, raising significant concerns related to equity, privacy, and civil liberties. This report explores the current capabilities, future possibilities, and necessary governance for facial recognition technology. Facial Recognition Technology discusses legal, societal, and ethical implications of the technology, and recommends ways that federal agencies and others developing and…

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Liberalism and Conservatism, for a Change! Rethinking the Association Between Political Orientation and Relation to Societal Change

Author: Proch, Jutta; Elad-Strenger, Julia; Kessler, Thomas Description: According to common wisdom, which is supported by extant psychological theorizing, a core feature of political conservatism (vs. liberalism) is the resistance to (vs. acceptance of) societal change. We propose that an empirical examination of the actual difference in political liberals’ and conservatives’ attitudes toward change across different sociopolitical issues may call into question this assumed association between political orientation and relation to change. We examined this proposition in four studies conducted in Germany. In Study 1, we assessed lay people’s intuitions…

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Why human-AI relationships need socioaffective alignment

Author: Kirk, Hannah Rose; Gabriel, Iason; Summerfield, Chris; Vidgen, Bertie; Hale, Scott A. Description: Humans strive to design safe AI systems that align with our goals and remain under our control. However, as AI capabilities advance, we face a new challenge: the emergence of deeper, more persistent relationships between humans and AI systems. We explore how increasingly capable AI agents may generate the perception of deeper relationships with users, especially as AI becomes more personalised and agentic. This shift, from transactional interaction to ongoing sustained social engagement with AI, necessitates…

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