Author: Cairns, K.E.; Yap, M.B.H.; Pilkington, P.D.; Jorm, A.F.
Description: BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a peak time for the onset of depression, but little is known about what adolescents can do to reduce their own level of risk. To fill this gap, a review was carried out to identify risk and protective factors for depression during adolescence that are modifiable by the young person.
METHODS: Employing the PRISMA method, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to identify risk and protective factors during the adolescent period (aged 12-18 years) that are potentially modifiable by the young person without professional intervention or assistance. Stouffers method of combining p values was used to determine whether associations between variables were reliable, and meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the mean effect sizes of associations.
RESULTS: We identified 113 publications which met the inclusion criteria. Putative risk factors implicated in the development of depression for which there is a sound evidence base, and which are potentially modifiable during adolescence without professional intervention, are: substance use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, other illicit drugs, and polydrug use); dieting; negative coping strategies; and weight. Modifiable protective factors with a sound evidence base are healthy diet and sleep.
LIMITATIONS: Limitations include not systematically reviewing moderators and mediators, the lack of generalizability across cultures or to younger children or young adults, and the inability to conduct a meta-analysis on all included studies.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this review suggest that future health education campaigns or self-help prevention interventions targeting adolescent depression should aim to reduce substance use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, other illicit drugs, and polydrug use); dieting; and negative coping strategies; and promote healthy weight; diet; and sleep patterns.
Subject Headings: Adolescent; Depressive Disorder, Major/prevention & control; Humans; Life Style; Longitudinal Studies; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology; Adolescent; Depression; Longitudinal studies; Prevention; Review; Risk and protective factors
Publication year: 2014
Journal or book title: Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume: 169
Pages: 61-75
Find the full text : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032714004820
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Type: Journal Article
Serial number: 2729