Author: Alexander, R. McN
Description: A new theory is presented which describes quadrupedal as well as bipedal walking. It avoids errors which occurred in previous theories by evaluating separately the work done by each leg instead of deriving net work from mechanical energy fluctuations. It takes particular account of two parameters, the duty factor B (the fraction of the stride for which each foot is on the ground) and a parameter q which defines the time course of the force on each foot. It shows that for any given speed there is an optimum (B,q) which minimizes the energy cost of locomotion. These (B,q) are only a little different for bipeds and quadrupeds except near the critical speed at which the optimum moves abruptly from walking (high B) to running (low B). Walking men use (B,q) close to the theoretical optima, but with slightly higher q. Walking dogs and sheep use q which are lower than the optimum values except at very low speeds. Some of the energy which would otherwise be required for locomotion may be saved by storage of elastic strain energy in tendons etc. This mechanism is more effective in running than in fast walking, which may be why men change from walking to running at lower speeds than the inelastic theory suggests.
Subject headings: Walking; Locomotion; Bipeds; Quadrupeds; Running
Publication year: 1980
Journal or book title: Journal of Zoology
Volume: 192
Issue: 1
Pages: 97-117
Find the full text: https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1980.tb04222.x
Find more like this one (cited by): https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=15879826132178576374&as_sdt=5,26&sciodt=0,26&hl=en
Serial number: 3368