Author: Schulz, Tim J.; Zarse, Kim; Voigt, Anja; Urban, Nadine; Birringer, Marc; Ristow, Michael
Description: Increasing cellular glucose uptake is a fundamental concept in treatment of type 2 diabetes, whereas nutritive calorie restriction increases life expectancy. We show here that increased glucose availability decreases Caenorhabditis elegans life span, while impaired glucose metabolism extends life expectancy by inducing mitochondrial respiration. The histone deacetylase Sir2.1 is found here to be dispensable for this phenotype, whereas disruption of aak-2, a homolog of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), abolishes extension of life span due to impaired glycolysis. Reduced glucose availability promotes formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induces catalase activity, and increases oxidative stress resistance and survival rates, altogether providing direct evidence for a hitherto hypothetical concept named mitochondrial hormesis or mitohormesis. Accordingly, treatment of nematodes with different antioxidants and vitamins prevents extension of life span. In summary, these data indicate that glucose restriction promotes mitochondrial metabolism, causing increased ROS formation and cumulating in hormetic extension of life span, questioning current treatments of type 2 diabetes as well as the widespread use of antioxidant supplements.
Subject headings: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Cell Respiration; Glucose; Glycolysis; Longevity; Mitochondria; Multienzyme Complexes; Oxidative Stress; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sirtuins; C elegans
Publication year: 2007
Journal or book title: Cell Metabolism
Volume: 6
Issue: 4
Pages: 280-293
Find the full text: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/pdf/S1550-4131(07)00256-2.pdf
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Serial number: 3568