Content specificity of attention bias to threat in anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis

Author: Pergamin-Hight, L.; Naim, R.; Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J.; van IJzendoorn, M.H.; Bar-Haim, Y.

Description: Despite the established evidence for threat-related attention bias in anxiety, the mechanisms underlying this bias remain unclear. One important unresolved question is whether disorder-congruent threats capture attention to a greater extent than do more general or disorder-incongruent threat stimuli. Evidence for attention bias specificity in anxiety would implicate involvement of previous learning and memory processes in threat-related attention bias, whereas lack of content specificity would point to perturbations in more generic attention processes. Enhanced clarity of mechanism could have clinical implications for the stimuli types used in Attention Bias Modification Treatments (ABMT). Content specificity of threat-related attention bias in anxiety and potential moderators of this effect were investigated. A systematic search identified 37 samples from 29 articles (N=866). Relevant data were extracted based on specific coding rules, and Cohen’s d effect size was used to estimate bias specificity effects. The results indicate greater attention bias toward disorder-congruent relative to disorder-incongruent threat stimuli (d=0.28, p<0.0001). This effect was not moderated by age, type of anxiety disorder, visual attention tasks, or type of disorder-incongruent stimuli. No evidence of publication bias was observed. Implications for threat bias in anxiety and ABMT are discussed.

Subject headings: Anxiety Disorders/psychology; Attention; Humans; Anxiety; Attention; Attention bias modification; Threat

Publication year: 2015

Journal or book title: Clinical Psychology Review

Volume: 35

Issue:

Pages: 10-18

Find the full text : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272735814001512

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Type: Journal Article

Serial number: 1729