Author: Chowdhary, Vibhakar A.; Tank, Jigna G.
Description: There are two types of defense mechanism in plants which are regulated by biomolecules. Physical defense is the corporeal barrier developed in the form of leaf surface wax, thorns, trichomes, cell wall thickness, lignification and secondary metabolites as toxins. Chemical mechanism includes emission of biomolecules such as proteins, secondary metabolites and volatile compounds in response to attack by herbivores and insects. Among proteins, storage proteins, tuber proteins and extracellular proteins take part in defense mechanism. Storage proteins include albumins, lectins, vicilins, glycine-rich proteins and proteinase inhibitors which play crucial role in defense against microorganisms and insect pests. Tuber proteins include patatins, ocatins and tarins which have antimicrobial activity against various phytopathogens. Plant extracellular proteins include pathogenesis-related proteins (PR) which have glucanases activity and chitinase activity against cell wall of microorganisms. The secondary metabolites such as phytoanticipins and phytoalexins have defense against microorganisms, insects and herbivorous animals. Volatile compounds include terpenes, terpenoids, fatty acid derivatives, phenylpropanoids, benzenoids, and sulfur- and nitrogen-containing volatile compounds. They are released by plants to repel or attack specific plant pathogens. Since these biomolecules have an array of mechanisms to fight against plant pathogens, they can be utilized for reduction of environment pollution, human health and agriculture problems.
Subject headings: Plant defense; Albumins; Lectins; Secondary metabolites; Volatile compounds; Biomolecules; Defense Mechanism
Publication year: 2023
Journal or book title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences
Volume: 93
Issue: 1
Pages: 17-25
Find the full text: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40011-022-01387-7
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Serial number: 3884