Search Results for: "Diabetes Mellitus"

Author: Fagherazzi, Guy; Gusto, Gaelle; Affret, Aurelie; Mancini, Francesca Romana; Dow, Courtney; Balkau, Beverley; Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise; Bonnet, Fabrice; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine Description: BACKGROUND: The influence of artificial sweeteners on metabolic diseases is controversial. Artificially sweetened beverages have been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) but biases and reverse causation have been suspected to have influenced the observed association. In addition, it has been suggested that investigation into the relationship between the frequency and duration of the consumption of packet or tablet artificial sweeteners and T2D risk is…

Author: Gale, E.A. Description: Troglitazone, the first in the thiazolidinedione class of oral hypoglycaemic agents, was launched in the USA in March, 1997. It reached Europe later that year, only to be withdrawn within weeks on the grounds of liver toxicity. Meanwhile it went on to generate sales of over $2 billion in the USA, and caused at least 90 cases of liver failure (70 resulting in death or transplantation) before it was withdrawn in March, 2000. Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone reached the US market in 1999 as first-line agents to…

Author: Schmatz, R.; Mazzanti, C.M.; Spanevello, R.; Stefanello, N.; Gutierres, J.; Correa, M.; da Rosa, M.M.; Rubin, M.A.; Chitolina Schetinger, M.R.; Morsch, V.M. Description: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the administration of resveratrol (RV) on memory and on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, cerebellum and blood in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The animals were divided into six groups (n=6-13): Control/saline; Control/RV 10 mg/kg; Control/RV 20 mg/kg; Diabetic/saline; Diabetic/RV 10 mg/kg; Diabetic/RV 20 mg/kg. One day after 30 days of…

Author: Yen, C.J.; Beamer, B.A.; Negri, C.; Silver, K.; Brown, K.A.; Yarnall, D.P.; Burns, D.K.; Roth, J.; Shuldiner, A.R. Description: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation, and possibly lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. As such, PPAR gamma is a promising candidate gene for several human disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Screening for mutations in the entire coding region of the PPAR gamma gene (both gamma 1 and gamma 2 isoforms) was performed with DNA of 26 diabetic Caucasians with…

Author: Werner, U.; Haschke, G.; Herling, A.W.; Kramer, W. Description: The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor represents an established therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Agents that activate this receptor improve glucose tolerance alongside a low risk of hypoglycaemia, and have the potential to modify disease progression. Lixisenatide is a new potent and selective GLP-1 receptor agonist currently in development. The preclinical pharmacological profile of Lixisenatide suggests actions that are highly relevant to the long-term maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Lixisenatide protected Ins-1 cells (a rat-derived beta-cell line) from both…

Author: Stephens, M.A.P.; Franks, M.M.; Rook, K.S.; Iida, M.; Hemphill, R.C.; Salem, J.K. Description: OBJECTIVE: To investigate daily dietary adherence and diabetes-specific distress among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a function of spouses’ diet-related support and diet-related control (persuasion and pressure) and whether these daily processes differ among couples who do and do not appraise responsibility for managing T2DM as shared. METHODS: End-of-day diaries were completed by 126 couples in which one partner had T2DM (patient) and the other did not (spouse). Using electronic diary methods,…