Tag: Children

Exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma

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Author: Ege, Markus J.; Mayer, Melanie; Normand, Anne-Cecile; Genuneit, Jon; Cookson, William O. C. M.; Braun-Fahrlander, Charlotte; Heederik, Dick; Piarroux, Renaud; von Mutius, Erika; GABRIELA Transregio 22 Study Group Description: BACKGROUND: Children who grow up in environments that afford them a wide range of microbial exposures, such as traditional farms, are protected from childhood asthma and atopy. In previous studies, markers of microbial exposure have been inversely related to these conditions. METHODS: In two cross-sectional studies, we compared children living on farms with those in a reference group with respect…

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Temperament and stress resilience in school-age children: a within-families study

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Author: Smith, J., & Prior, M. Description: OBJECTIVE: Stress resilience was assessed in 81 school-age children, from within 32 families acknowledging severe psychosocial stress. Resilient and nonresilient children, identified via competence and behavior disorder measures from school and home, were compared. METHOD: Parents and teachers completed questionnaires and rating scales, and children were observed and assessed at home on attributes of temperament, self-esteem, ability, gender, and mother-child warmth. RESULTS: Individual differences in child and family attributes that were predictive of competent child functioning varied according to the outcome measure used….

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Racial/ethnic and income disparities in child and adolescent exposure to food and beverage television ads across the U.S. media markets

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Author: Powell, L.M.; Wada, R.; Kumanyika, S.K. Description: Obesity prevalence and related health burdens are greater among U.S. racial/ethnic minority and low-income populations. Targeted advertising may contribute to disparities. Designated market area (DMA) spot television ratings were used to assess geographic differences in child/adolescent exposure to food-related advertisements based on DMA-level racial/ethnic and income characteristics. Controlling for unobserved DMA-level factors and time trends, child/adolescent exposure to food-related ads, particularly for sugar-sweetened beverages and fast-food restaurants, was significantly higher in areas with higher proportions of black children/adolescents and lower-income households. Geographically…

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