Tag: Health

Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Reproduction and Fertility: Where We Stand

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Author: Fonseca, Bruno M.; Rebelo, Irene Description: Although cannabis use is increasing in general population, their prevalence among young adults is remarkably high. In recent years, their medical use gained a renewed interest. However, it can underline the reputation of cannabis being a harmless drug. Between cannabinoids, uniquely found on the cannabis plant, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the well-studied compound. It is responsible for the psychoactive effects via central cannabinoid receptors. Nevertheless, cannabinoids interact with other chemical signalling systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. THC indirectly decreases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion…

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Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review

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Author: Grigorieva, Elena; Lukyanets, Artem Description: Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and respiratory health is well documented. At the same time, it is widely known that extreme weather events intrinsically exacerbate air pollution impact. Particularly, hot weather and extreme temperatures during heat waves (HW) significantly affect human health, increasing risks of respiratory mortality and morbidity. Concurrently, a synergistic effect of air pollution and high temperatures can be combined with weather-air pollution interaction during wildfires. The purpose of the current review is to summarize literature on interplay of…

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Temporal dynamics of the human vaginal microbiota

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Author: Gajer, P.; Brotman, R.M.; Bai, G.; Sakamoto, J.; Schutte, U.M.E.; Zhong, X.; Koenig, S.S.K.; Fu, L.; Ma, Z.S.; Zhou, X.; Abdo, Z.; Forney, L.J.; Ravel, J. Description: Elucidating the factors that impinge on the stability of bacterial communities in the vagina may help in predicting the risk of diseases that affect women’s health. Here, we describe the temporal dynamics of the composition of vaginal bacterial communities in 32 reproductive-age women over a 16-week period. The analysis revealed the dynamics of five major classes of bacterial communities and showed that…

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Changes in afferent activity after spinal cord injury

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Author: de Groat, W.C.; Yoshimura, N. Description: AIMS: To summarize the changes that occur in the properties of bladder afferent neurons following spinal cord injury. METHODS: Literature review of anatomical, immunohistochemical, and pharmacologic studies of normal and dysfunctional bladder afferent pathways. RESULTS: Studies in animals indicate that the micturition reflex is mediated by a spinobulbospinal pathway passing through coordination centers (periaqueductal gray and pontine micturition center) located in the rostral brain stem. This reflex pathway, which is activated by small myelinated (Adelta) bladder afferent nerves, is in turn modulated by…

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Experimental and clinical research findings on the cardiovascular benefits of consuming flaxseed

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Author: Bassett, C.M.C.; Rodriguez-Leyva, D.; Pierce, G.N. Description: Functional foods and nutraceuticals are becoming popular alternatives to pharmacological treatments by providing health benefits and (or) reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Flaxseed is a rich source of 3 components with demonstrated cardioprotective effects: the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), dietary fibre, and phytoestrogen lignans. Multiple clinical dietary intervention trials report that consuming flaxseed daily can modestly reduce circulating total cholesterol (TC) by 6%-11% and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 9%-18% in normolipemic humans and by 5%-17% for TC and…

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Disparities in Sleep Health and Potential Intervention Models: A Focused Review

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Author: Billings, Martha E.; Cohen, Robyn T.; Baldwin, Carol M.; Johnson, Dayna A.; Palen, Brian N.; Parthasarathy, Sairam; Patel, Sanjay R.; Russell, Maureen; Tapia, Ignacio E.; Williamson, Ariel A.; Sharma, Sunil Description: Disparities in sleep health are important but underrecognized contributors to health disparities. Understanding the factors contributing to sleep heath disparities and developing effective interventions are critical to improving all aspects of heath. Sleep heath disparities are impacted by socioeconomic status, racism, discrimination, neighborhood segregation, geography, social patterns, and access to health care as well as by cultural beliefs,…

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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Health and Potential Interventions Among Women in the United States

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Author: Jackson, Chandra L.; Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M.; Gaston, Symielle A.; Andrews, Marcus R.; Tamura, Kosuke; Ramos, Alberto Description: While essential for health and wellness, the various dimensions of sleep health are generally not equitably distributed across the population, and reasons for racial/ethnic sleep disparities are not fully understood. In this review, we describe racial/ethnic sleep disparities and subsequent implications for health from prior and recently conducted epidemiological and clinical studies as well as the potential sleep interventions presented at the 2018 Research Conference on Sleep and the Health of Women…

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Are sleep patterns influenced by race/ethnicity – a marker of relative advantage or disadvantage? Evidence to date

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Author: Johnson, Dayna A.; Jackson, Chandra L.; Williams, Natasha J.; Alcantara, Carmela Description: Sleep is a fundamental necessity of life. However, sleep health and sleep disorders are not equitably distributed across racial/ethnic groups. In fact, growing research consistently demonstrates that racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to experience, for instance, shorter sleep durations, less deep sleep, inconsistent sleep timing, and lower sleep continuity in comparison to Whites. However, racial/ethnic disparities in reports of sleepiness and sleep complaints are inconsistent. Racial/ethnic groups have significant heterogeneity, yet within-group analyses are limited. Among the…

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Effects of Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Cardiovascular Outcomes: An Umbrella Review and Evidence Map

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Author: Khan, Safi U.; Khan, Muhammad U.; Riaz, Haris; Valavoor, Shahul; Zhao, Di; Vaughan, Lauren; Okunrintemi, Victor; Riaz, Irbaz Bin; Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb; Kaluski, Edo; Murad, M. Hassan; Blaha, Michael J.; Guallar, Eliseo; Michos, Erin D. Description: Background: The role of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions in preventing mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes is unclear. Purpose: To examine evidence about the effects of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in adults. Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library from inception until March 2019; ClinicalTrials.gov…

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Current explorations of nutrition and the gut microbiome: a comprehensive evaluation of the review literature

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Author: Frame, L. A., Costa, E., & Jackson, S. A. Description: CONTEXT: The ability to measure the gut microbiome led to a surge in understanding and knowledge of its role in health and disease. The diet is a source of fuel for and influencer of composition of the microbiome. OBJECTIVE: To assess the understanding of the interactions between nutrition and the gut microbiome in healthy adults. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and Google Scholar searches were conducted in March and August 2018 and were limited to the following: English, 2010-2018, healthy adults,…

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