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Author: Canteras, N.S.; Simerly, R.B.; Swanson, L.W. Description: The organization of axonal projections from the four recognized parts of the medial amygdalar nucleus (MEA) were characterized with the Phaesolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL) method in male rats. The results indicate that the MEA consists of two major divisions, ventral and dorsal, and that the former may also consist of rostral and caudal regions. As a whole, the MEA generates centrifugal projections to several parts of the accessory and main olfactory sensory pathways, and projections to a) several parts of the intrahippocampal…

Author: Swanson, L.W. Description: Developmental, gene expression, connectional, and neuron morphology evidence converges to suggest that cell groups of the amygdalar region participate in at least four distinct, though interrelated, functional systems associated with differentiated corticostriatopallidal projections. The amygdala is neither a structural nor a functional unit; instead, it is a collection of adjacent cell groups in the medial temporal lobe and adjacent regions of the caudal piriform lobe that was defined on gross anatomic terms. Subject headings: Amygdala–anatomy, histology, physiology; Animals; Functional Laterality; Humans; Models, Neurological; Telencephalon–physiology Publication year:…

Author: Gerstadt, C.L.; Hong, Y.J.; Diamond, A. Description: One hundred and sixty children 3 1/2-7 years of age (10 M, 10 F at each 6-month interval) were tested on a task that requires inhibitory control of action plus learning and remembering two rules. They were asked to say “day” whenever a black card with the moon and stars appeared and to say “night” when shown a white card with a bright sun. Children < 5 years had great difficulty. They started out performing well, but could not sustain this over…

**top choice** Author: Cefola, M.; Amodio, M.L.; Cornacchia, R.; Rinaldi, R.; Vanadia, S.; Colelli, G. Description: BACKGROUND: Many leafy brassicas are widely used for ready-to-use salads. Broccoli raab (Brassica rapa L.), also called turnip top, or rapini, is extensively cultivated in southern Italy. The edible portion is made up of the green, immature inflorescences and the stem with its most tender leaves. Recently, interest in this crop has increased among European consumers; moreover, a substantial increase in consumption could come from the ready-to-use product. RESULTS: The effects of four different…

Author: Lu, Z.-xiang; Peng, J.; Su, B. Description: Neuropsin (kallikrein 8, KLK8) is a secreted-type serine protease preferentially expressed in the central nervous system and involved in learning and memory. Its splicing pattern is different in human and mouse, with the longer form (type II) only expressed in human. Sequence analysis suggested a recent origin of type II during primate evolution. Here we demonstrate that the type II form is absent in nonhuman primates, and is thus a human-specific splice form. With the use of an in-vitro splicing assay, we…

Author: Holmstrup, M.; Maraldo, K.; Krogh, P.H. Description: Soil microarthropods experience a large range of natural stressors in their natural environment, e.g. variations in temperature and soil moisture, but also anthropogenic stressors such as soil pollutants. In the present study the combined effect of drought stress and copper pollution on microarthropods was investigated in a field study. We hypothesized that microarthropods in copper polluted soil would be more susceptible to drought than animals in control soil. Surprisingly, the abundance of microarthropods in autumn was positively affected by summer drought and…

Author: Petrovich, G.D.; Risold, P.Y.; Swanson, L.W. Description: The organization of axonal projections from the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala (BMA) was examined with the Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL) method in adult male rats. The anterior and posterior parts of the BMA, recognized on cytoarchitectonic grounds, display very different projection patterns. Within the amygdala, the anterior basomedial nucleus (BMAa) heavily innervates the central, medial, and anterior cortical nuclei. In contrast, the posterior basomedial nucleus (BMAp) sends a dense projection to the lateral nucleus, and to restricted parts of the central…

Author: Wang, Q.; Leichtman, M.D.; White, S.H. Description: This study examined the relationship between self-description and childhood memory in 255 Chinese young adults. Ninety-nine participants were from only child families and 156 had siblings. All participants completed two questionnaires: a version of the Twenty Statements Test of Kuhn and McPartland (Kuhn, M.H., McPartland, T.S., 1954. An empirical investigation of self-attitudes. American Sociological Review 19, 68-76) eliciting self-descriptions, and an instrument asking for earliest and other childhood memories. Based on theories positing a relationship between autobiography and the organization of the…

Author: Lopez-Munoz, F.; Alamo, C.; Dudley, M.; Rubio, G.; Garcia-Garcia, P.; Molina, J.D.; Okasha, A. Description: Sixty years ago at the Nuremberg Trials, 23 Nazi leaders were tried as war criminals, in what was known as “The Doctors’ Trial”. This trial exposed a perverse system of the criminal use of medicine in the fields of public health and human research. These practices, in which racial hygiene constituted one of the fundamental principles and euthanasia programmes were the most obvious consequence, violated the majority of known bioethical principles. Psychiatry played a…

Author: Laan, D.J.; Leidy, H.J.; Lim, E.; Campbell, W.W. Description: Appetite and meal energy intake (MEI) following aerobic (AEx) and resistance (REx) exercises were evaluated in 19 young, active adults. The participants completed duplicate 35-min sessions of AEx, REx, and sedentary control, and consumed an ad libitum pasta meal 30 min postsession. Hunger transiently decreased after AEx but was not influenced by REx. MEI was 14% to 18% higher after AEx and REx than control. These findings are consistent with exercise-stimulated ingestive behavior, not anorexia of exercise. Subject headings: Adolescent;…