Category: Featured Database

Author: Lee, Darren J. Description: The role of regulatory T cells (Treg cell) in controlling autoimmune disease is an area of intense study. As such, the characterization and understanding the function of Treg markers has the potential to provide a considerable impact in developing treatments and understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. One such inhibitory Treg cell marker that has been recently discovered is T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT). In this review, we discuss what is known about the expression and function of TIGIT on Treg cells, and…

Author: Sonnentag, Sabine; Reinecke, Leonard; Mata, Jutta; Vorderer, Peter Description: Being constantly connected to others via e-mail and other online messages is increasingly typical for many employees. In this paper, we develop and test a model that specifies how interruptions by online messages relate to negative and positive affect. We hypothesize that perceived interruptions by online messages predict state negative affect via time pressure and that perceived interruptions predict state positive affect via responsiveness to these online messages and perceived task accomplishment. A daily survey study with 174 employees (a…

Author: Park, YoungAh; Haun, Verena C. Description: As email communication becomes increasingly pervasive in the workplace, incivility can be manifested through work email. Integrating conservation of resources theory with spillover-crossover frameworks, the authors propose and test a couple-dyadic model regarding email incivility’s effects on work withdrawal for employees and their domestic partners. Online survey data were collected from 167 dual-earner couples at multiple time points. Results from actor-partner interdependence mediation and moderation modeling showed that when employees experience more frequent incivility via work email during a week, they withdraw from…

Author: Zaman, Shaila; Wesley, Amanveer; Silva, Dennis Rodrigo Da Cunha; Buddharaju, Pradeep; Akbar, Fatema; Gao, Ge; Mark, Gloria; Gutierrez-Osuna, Ricardo; Pavlidis, Ioannis Description: We describe a controlled experiment, aiming to study productivity and stress effects of email interruptions and activity interactions in the modern office. The measurement set includes multimodal data for n = 63 knowledge workers who volunteered for this experiment and were randomly assigned into four groups: (G1/G2) Batch email interruptions with/without exogenous stress. (G3/G4) Continual email interruptions with/without exogenous stress. To provide context, the experiment’s email treatments…

Author: La Torre, Giuseppe; De Leonardis, Veronica; Chiappetta, Marta Description: Objectives: Technostress is an emergent phenomenon related to the pervasive use of technology and is associated with the increased computerization and digitalization seen over recent decades. This cross-sectional observational study aims to investigate the impact that stress from the use of technologies (i.e. technostress) has on the productivity and life of an individual. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were collected using a previously proposed and validated questionnaire. The questionnaire was translated into Italian and transformed into an online format…

Author: Stich, Jean-Francois; Tarafdar, Monideepa; Stacey, Patrick; Cooper, Cary L. Description: Purpose: Using e-mail is a time-consuming activity that can increase workload stress. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the individual’s e-mail load, workload stress and desired e-mail load, drawing from the cybernetic theory of stress. Design/methodology/approach: Based on prior theory, the authors first hypothesized relationships among e-mail load, workplace stress and desired e-mail load. The authors then tested these relationships on a sample of 504 full-time workers in the USA, using survey data and…

Author: Crandall, Christian S.; Eshleman, Amy; O’Brien, Laurie Description: The authors studied social norms and prejudice using M. Sherif and C. W. Sherif’s (1953) group norm theory of attitudes. In 7 studies (N = 1,504), social norms were measured and manipulated to examine their effects on prejudice; both normatively proscribed and normatively prescribed forms of prejudice were included. The public expression of prejudice toward 105 social groups was very highly correlated with social approval of that expression. Participants closely adhere to social norms when expressing prejudice, evaluating scenarios of discrimination,…

Author: Lee, I.-Min; Shiroma, Eric J.; Kamada, Masamitsu; Bassett, David R.; Matthews, Charles E.; Buring, Julie E. Description: Importance: A goal of 10,000 steps/day is commonly believed by the public to be necessary for health, but this number has limited scientific basis. Additionally, it is unknown whether greater stepping intensity is associated with health benefits, independent of steps taken per day. Objective: To examine associations of number of steps per day and stepping intensity with all-cause mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study included 18,289 US women from…

Author: Imran, Md; Das, Kirti Ranjan; Naik, Milind Mohan Description: Misuse/over use of antibiotics increases the threats to human health since this is a main reason behind evolution of antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens. However, metals such as mercury, lead, zinc, copper and cadmium are accumulating to critical concentration in the environment and triggering co-selection of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The co-selection of metal driven antibiotic resistance in bacteria is achieved through co-resistance or cross resistance. Metal driven antibiotic resistant determinants evolved in bacteria and present on same mobile genetic elements…