Search Results for: botan

Author: Nualart, Neus; Ibanez, Neus; Soriano, Ignasi; Lopez-Pujol, Jordi Description: Herbarium collections constitute permanent and often well-documented records of the distribution of taxa through space and time. Since their creation, their uses have dramatically expanded and with many new uses being proposed, including some for which herbaria were not initially intended for. In this paper we assess the potential of these collections on conservation biology, by providing exemplary studies that use herbarium specimens, grouped into four categories: (1) based on occurrence data, such as studies about plant extinction or introduction,…

Author: Peppe, Daniel J.; Royer, Dana L.; Cariglino, Barbara; Oliver, Sofia Y.; Newman, Sharon; Leight, Elias; Enikolopov, Grisha; Fernandez-Burgos, Margo; Herrera, Fabiany; Adams, Jonathan M.; Correa, Edwin; Currano, Ellen D.; Erickson, J. Mark; Hinojosa, Luis Felipe; Hoganson, John W.; Iglesias, Ari; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Johnson, Kirk R.; Jordan, Gregory J.; Kraft, Nathan J. B.; Lovelock, Elizabeth C.; Lusk, Christopher H.; Niinemets, Ulo; Penuelas, Josep; Rapson, Gillian; Wing, Scott L.; Wright, Ian J. Description: Paleobotanists have long used models based on leaf size and shape to reconstruct paleoclimate. However, most models…

Author: McNeish, R.; McEwan, R. Description: Abstract Invasive species are of global importance because of their impacts on ecological communities, habitat structure, native community dynamics, and ecosystem processes and function. Scientists and conservation managers are increasingly focusing on the biological impacts of invasive species and on devising management practices that emphasize the health of ecosystems based on measured biological processes. Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder) is a highly successful invasive shrub in forests of eastern North America. The scientific literature surrounding this species has grown in the past several…

Author: Cazale, Anne-Claire; Clement, Mathilde; Chiarenza, Serge; Roncato, Marie-Anne; Pochon, Nathalie; Creff, Audrey; Marin, Elena; Leonhardt, Nathalie; Noel, Laurent D. Description: Molecular chaperones of the heat shock cognate 70 kDa (HSC70) family are highly conserved in all living organisms and assist nascent protein folding in normal physiological conditions as well as in biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In the absence of specific inhibitors or viable knockout mutants, cytosolic/nuclear HSC70-1 overexpression (OE) and mutants in the HSC70 co-chaperone SGT1 (suppressor of G(2)/M allele of skp1) were used as genetic tools to…

Author: Salvucci, Michael E. Description: Previous studies have shown that inhibition of photosynthesis by moderate heat stress is a consequence of Rubisco deactivation, caused in part by the thermal instability of Rubisco activase. This involvement of Rubisco activase was confirmed in heat stress and recovery experiments using transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Compared with wild-type plants, photosynthesis, the effective quantum yield of photosystem II, and Rubisco activation were less thermotolerant and recovered more slowly in transgenic Arabidopsis plants with reduced levels of Rubisco activase. Immunoblots showed that 65% of the Rubisco activase…

Author: Finch-Savage, William E.; Footitt, Steven Description: Many molecular mechanisms that regulate dormancy have been identified individually in controlled laboratory studies. However, little is known about how the seed employs this complex suite of mechanisms during dormancy cycling in the variable environment of the soil seed bank. Nevertheless, this behaviour is essential to ensure germination takes place in a favourable habitat and climate space, and in the correct season for the resulting plant to complete its life cycle. During their time in the soil seed bank, seeds continually adjust their…

Author: Nilsson, M.-C.; Högberg, P.; Zackrisson, O.; Fengyou, W. Description: Fennoscandian plant communities dominated by the evergreen dwarf shrub Empetrum hermaphroditum Hagerup appear to have negative effects on forest regeneration. Effects of water extracts of leaves of E. hermaphroditum on the development and nitrogen uptake by roots and mycorrhizae (Paxillus involutus Batsch (Fr.)) of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Among seedlings that did not receive E. hermaphroditum extract, mycorrhizal plants grew better than nonmycorrhizal plants and also had a higher shoot to root ratio….

Author: Gleason, H.A. Description: The continued activity of European ecologists, and to a some-what smaller extent of American ecologists as well, in discussingthe fundamental nature, structure, and classification of plantassociations, and their apparently chronic inability to come toany general agreement on these matters, make it evident thatthe last word has not yet been said on the subject. Indeed, theconstant disagreement of ecologists, the readiness with whichflaws are found by one in the proposals of another, and the widerange of opinions which have been ably presented by carefulobservers, lead one to…

Author: Jameson, D.A. Description: This paper considers physiological and morphological responses ofindividual plants to grazing. Indirect effects of grazing, e.g., changesin mulch, soil structure and microclimate, have not been considered,and effects of grazing on plant communities are mentioned only briefly.To keep literature citations to a reasonable number, review articles,when available, have been consulted. The dates of the latest reviewarticles vary from 1948 in some topics to 1961 in others. Older litera-ture has often been included when it seemed particularly important,but complete coverage of older literature was not attempted Subject headings:…