Search Results for: plant stress

Author: Kosova, K.; Vitamvas, P.; Prasil, I.T.; Renaut, J. Description: Plant acclimation to stress is associated with profound changes in proteome composition. Since proteins are directly involved in plant stress response, proteomics studies can significantly contribute to unravel the possible relationships between protein abundance and plant stress acclimation. In this review, proteomics studies dealing with plant response to a broad range of abiotic stress factors–cold, heat, drought, waterlogging, salinity, ozone treatment, hypoxia and anoxia, herbicide treatments, inadequate or excessive light conditions, disbalances in mineral nutrition, enhanced concentrations of heavy metals,…

Author: Liu, Junzhong; Feng, Lili; Li, Jianming; He, Zuhua Description: Plants have evolved sophisticated genetic and epigenetic regulatory systems to respond quickly to unfavorable environmental conditions such as heat, cold, drought, and pathogen infections. In particular, heat greatly affects plant growth and development, immunity and circadian rhythm, and poses a serious threat to the global food supply. According to temperatures exposing, heat can be usually classified as warm ambient temperature (about 22-27°C), high temperature (27-30°C) and extremely high temperature (37-42°C, also known as heat stress) for the model plant Arabidopsis…

Author: Ambrosone, Alfredo; Costa, Antonello; Leone, Antonella; Grillo, Stefania Description: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) govern many aspects of RNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA processing, transport, stability/decay and translation. Although relatively few plant RNA-binding proteins have been characterized genetically and biochemically, more than 200 RBP genes have been predicted in Arabidopsis and rice genomes, suggesting that they might serve specific plant functions. Besides their role in normal cellular functions, RBPs are emerging also as an interesting class of proteins involved in a wide range of post-transcriptional regulatory events that are important in providing…

Author: Neumann, D.; Lichtenberger, O.; Gnther, D.; Tschiersch, K.; Nover, L. Description: Cell cultures of Lycopersicon peruvianum L. stressed with CdSO4 (10−3M) show typical changes in the ultrastructure, starting with the plasmalemma and later on extending to the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondrial envelope. Part of the membrane material is extruded, with the formation of osmiophilic droplets which increase in size and number during the stress period. After 4 h, about 20‰ of the cells are dead. A short heat stress preceeding the heavy-metal stress induces a tolerance effect by…

Author: Zhou, Yeling; Van Leeuwen, Sanne K.; Pieterse, Corné M. J.; Bakker, Peter A. H. M.; Van Wees, Saskia C. M. Description: Climate change and the associated increase in atmospheric CO2 levels may affect the severity of plant diseases and threaten future crop yields. Here, we compared responses of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to leaf and root pathogens with hemi-biotrophic or necrotrophic infection strategies under pre-industrial, current, and future atmospheric CO2 conditions. Defenses against biotrophs are generally regulated by salicylic acid (SA) signaling, whereas jasmonic acid (JA) signaling controls…

Author: Barnes, Paul W.; Harrison, A. Tyrone Description: Plant and soil water relationships in a typical nebraska Sandhills prairie were examined to 1) explain the observed distribution patterns of several dominant grasses along a topographic gradient, and 2) show how spatial and temporal variations in soil moisture are critical to community organization on a sandy substrate. An experimental transect encompassing the major community and soil types along a steep, west-facing vegetated dune was established. Maximum available water was shown to be significantly higher in the fine textured surface soils of…

Author: Pearcy, R.W.; Tumosa, N.; Williams, K. Description: The relationships of photosynthetic characteristics to the competitive interactions of a C3 plant, Chenopodium album, and a C4 plant, Amaranthis retroflexus, were investigated in different temperature and water supply regimes. Both species had similar photosynthetic rates at 25 degrees C, but at higher temperatures, Amaranthus had substantially greater rates than Chenopodium. Conversely, at lower temperatures, Chenopodium had an advantage. The competitive abilities in mixtures exhibited a close parallel to the photosynthetic performances with Amaranthus having an advantage at high temperatures and Chenopodium…

Author: Root, T.L.; Price, J.T.; Hall, K.R.; Schneider, S.H.; Rosenzweig, C.; Pounds, J.A. Description: Over the past 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by approximately 0.6 degrees C and is projected to continue to rise at a rapid rate. Although species have responded to climatic changes throughout their evolutionary history, a primary concern for wild species and their ecosystems is this rapid rate of change. We gathered information on species and global warming from 143 studies for our meta-analyses. These analyses reveal a consistent temperature-related shift, or ‘fingerprint’,…

Author: Rodrigues, M.L.; Pacheco, C.M.A.; Chaves, M.M. Description: Lupinus albus L. from different climatic origins responded to a 15 d period of water shortage during flowering by losing 50% of the total leaf canopy and gaining 55% in stem dry weight. Water deficits also led to a significant increase in the fine root length density and a slight increase in the fine root dry weight. The latter increase was especially pronounced in the deeper soil layers. Some marginal differences among genotypes were observed in the responses. Stomatal closure by midday…

Author: Lichtenthaler, H.K. Description: The current concept of stress in plants has been well developed over the past 60 years. Any unfavorable condition or substance that affects or blocks a plant’s metabolism, growth, or development is regarded as stress. Vegetation stress can be induced by various natural and anthropogenic stress factors. One has to differentiate between short-term and long-term stress effects as well as between low-stress events that can be partially compensated for by acclimation, adaptation, and repair mechanisms, on the one hand, and strong stress or chronic stress events…