Tag: Anxiety

Social Anxiety, Stress Type, and Conformity among Adolescents

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Author: Zhang, P; Deng, Y; Yu, X; Zhao, X; Liu, X Description: Social anxiety and stress type can influence strong conformity among adolescents; however, the interaction between them is not clear. In this study, 152 adolescents were recruited and assigned one of two conditions: an interaction and a judgment condition. In the interaction condition, adolescents with high social anxiety (HSA) were less likely to conform when completing a modified Asch task, compared to adolescents who had low social anxiety. In the judgment condition, adolescents with HSA were more likely to…

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Insinuation Anxiety: Concern That Advice Rejection Will Signal Distrust After Conflict of Interest Disclosures

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Author: Sah, S; Loewenstein, G; Cain, DM Description: When expert advisors have conflicts of interest, disclosure is a common regulatory response. In four experiments (three scenario experiments involving medical contexts, and one field experiment involving financial consequences for both parties), we show that disclosure of a financial or nonfinancial conflict of interest can have a perverse effect on the advisor-advisee relationship. Disclosure, perhaps naturally, decreases an advisee’s trust in the advice. But disclosure can also lead to concern that failure to follow advice will be interpreted as a signal of…

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Doomscrolling evokes existential anxiety and fosters pessimism about human nature? Evidence from Iran and the United States

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Author: Shabahang, Reza; Hwang, Hyeyeon; Thomas, Emma F.; Aruguete, Mara S.; McCutcheon, Lynn E.; Orosz, Gabor; Hossein Khanzadeh, Abbas Ali; Mokhtari Chirani, Benyamin; Zsila, Agnes Description: The media’s adherence to “if it bleeds, it leads” has resulted in global dominance of negative news (e.g., stories of corruption, fraud, shootings, terrorism, and war). The appetite for negative news is fueled by negativity bias, which compels people to prioritize negative over positive stories. This cross-cultural study, inspired by media effect theories such as Cultivation Theory, explored the links between problematic consumption of…

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Experimentally induced and real-world anxiety have no demonstrable effect on goal-directed behaviour

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Author: Gillan, C. M.; Vaghi, M. M.; Hezemans, F. H.; van Ghesel Grothe, S.; Dafflon, J.; Bruhl, A. B.; Savulich, G.; Robbins, T. W. Description: BACKGROUND: Goal-directed control guides optimal decision-making and it is an important cognitive faculty that protects against developing habits. Previous studies have found some evidence of goal-directed deficits when healthy individuals are stressed, and in psychiatric conditions characterised by compulsive behaviours and anxiety. Here, we tested if goal-directed control is affected by state anxiety, which might explain the former results. METHODS: We carried out a causal…

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Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study

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Author: Bar-Haim, Yair; Lamy, Dominique; Pergamin, Lee; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.; van IJzendoorn, Marinus H. Description: This meta-analysis of 172 studies (N = 2,263 anxious, N = 1,768 nonanxious) examined the boundary conditions of threat-related attentional biases in anxiety. Overall, the results show that the bias is reliably demonstrated with different experimental paradigms and under a variety of experimental conditions, but that it is only an effect size of d = 0.45. Although processes requiring conscious perception of threat contribute to the bias, a significant bias is also observed with stimuli…

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Pain: Anxiety and Attitudes in Black, White and Puerto Rican Patients

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Author: Weisenberg, M.; Kreindler, M. L.; Schachat, R.; Werboff, J. Description: Reactions of black, white and Puerto Rican patients were studied in an outpatient dental emergency clinic. Measures used included the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, palmar sweat prints, an interview to obtain patient characteristics and attitudes toward pain, Dental Anxiety Scale and a posttreatment dentist rating. No differences between ethnic and racial groups were obtained in amount of pain, number or type of symptoms patients had. Significant Trait Anxiety differences were obtained. Puerto Ricans had the highest level of Trait Anxiety,…

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Yoga in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders: A review

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Author: da Silva, T.L.; Ravindran, L.N.; Ravindran, A.V. Description: BACKGROUND: Patient use of complementary and alternative treatments, including yoga, to manage mood and anxiety disorders, has been well documented. Despite research interest, there are few recent reviews of the evidence of the benefit of yoga in these conditions. METHOD: The PubMed, Medline and PsycInfo databases were searched for literature published up to July 2008, relating to yoga and depressive and anxiety disorders. RESULTS: The paucity of reported studies and several methodological constraints limit data interpretation. In depressive disorders, yoga may…

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Effect of a yoga practice session and a yoga theory session on state anxiety

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Author: Telles, S.; Gaur, V.; Balkrishna, A. Description: Yoga techniques practiced for varying durations have been shown to reduce state anxiety. In this study, there were 300 naive-to-yoga persons of both sexes who were attending a yoga therapy center in north India for stress relief as day visitors and were not residing at the center. They were assigned to two groups, yoga practice and yoga theory, and their state anxiety was assessed before and after a 2-hr. yoga session. A significant reduction in scores on state anxiety was found in…

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Children with Anxiety

Attention bias modification treatment augmenting effects on cognitive behavioral therapy in children with anxiety: randomized controlled trial

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Author: Shechner, T.; Rimon-Chakir, A.; Britton, J.C.; Lotan, D.; Apter, A.; Bliese, P.D.; Pine, D.S.; Bar-Haim, Y. Description: OBJECTIVE: Attention bias modification treatment (ABMT) is a promising novel treatment for anxiety disorders, but clinical trials have focused largely on stand-alone formats among adults. This randomized controlled trial examined the augmenting effects of threat-based ABMT on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in clinically anxious youth. METHOD: Sixty-three treatment-seeking children with anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 3 treatment groups: ABMT + CBT; ABMT placebo + CBT; and CBT-alone….

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Use of the light/dark test for anxiety in adult and adolescent male rats

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Author: Arrant, A.E.; Schramm-Sapyta, N.L.; Kuhn, C.M. Description: The light/dark (LD) test is a commonly used rodent test of unconditioned anxiety-like behavior that is based on an approach/avoidance conflict between the drive to explore novel areas and an aversion to brightly lit, open spaces. We used the LD test to investigate developmental differences in behavior between adolescent (postnatal day (PN) 28-34) and adult (PN67-74) male rats. We investigated whether LD behavioral measures reflect anxiety-like behavior similarly in each age group using factor analysis and multiple regression. These analyses showed that…

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