Tag: Behavior

The continued influence of AI-generated deepfake videos despite transparency warnings

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Author: Clark, Simon; Lewandowsky, Stephan Description: Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have made it easier to create highly realistic deepfake videos, which can appear to show someone doing or saying something they did not do or say. Deepfakes may present a threat to individuals and society: for example, deepfakes can be used to influence elections by discrediting political opponents. Psychological research shows that people’s ability to detect deepfake videos varies considerably, making us potentially vulnerable to the influence of a video we have failed to identify as fake. However, little…

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Attitudes, Habits, and Behavior Change

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Author: Verplanken, Bas; Orbell, Sheina Description: Efforts to guide peoples’ behavior toward environmental sustainability, good health, or new products have emphasized informational and attitude change strategies. There is evidence that changing attitudes leads to changes in behavior, yet this approach takes insufficient account of the nature and operation of habits, which form boundary conditions for attitude-directed interventions. Integration of research on attitudes and habits might enable investigators to identify when and how behavior change strategies will be most effective. How might attitudinally driven behavior change be consolidated into lasting habits?…

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Know when to fold’em: The flip side of grit

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Author: Alaoui, Larbi; Fons-Rosen, Christian Description: This paper investigates the way different sides of grit influence behavior. In addition to grit’s upside in achieving economic success associated with not giving up, it might also have a downside associated with not letting go. We split grit into two new categories, tenacity and diligence, and hypothesize that tenacity can lead individuals to go beyond their own intended plan of action when making a loss. We test the predictions with an experiment that elicits each individual’s plan of action which we compare to…

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Experimentally induced and real-world anxiety have no demonstrable effect on goal-directed behaviour

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Author: Gillan, C. M.; Vaghi, M. M.; Hezemans, F. H.; van Ghesel Grothe, S.; Dafflon, J.; Bruhl, A. B.; Savulich, G.; Robbins, T. W. Description: BACKGROUND: Goal-directed control guides optimal decision-making and it is an important cognitive faculty that protects against developing habits. Previous studies have found some evidence of goal-directed deficits when healthy individuals are stressed, and in psychiatric conditions characterised by compulsive behaviours and anxiety. Here, we tested if goal-directed control is affected by state anxiety, which might explain the former results. METHODS: We carried out a causal…

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The effects of “phubbing” on social interaction

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Author: Chotpitayasunondh, Varoth; Douglas, Karen M. Description: This research experimentally investigated the social consequences of “phubbing”–the act of snubbing someone in a social setting by concentrating on one’s mobile phone. Participants viewed a three-minute animation in which they imagined themselves as part of a dyadic conversation. Their communication partner either phubbed them extensively, partially, or not at all. Results revealed that increased phubbing significantly and negatively affected perceived communication quality and relationship satisfaction. These effects were mediated by reduced feelings of belongingness and both positive and negative affect. This research…

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Who “phubs”? A systematic meta-analytic review of phubbing predictors

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Author: Arenz, Anisha; Schnauber-Stockmann, Anna Description: Phubbing (i.e., snubbing someone in face-to-face interactions by focusing on one’s phone instead of those present) has increased enormously in recent years and has become a widespread usage phenomenon that is associated with negative consequences, for instance for relationships and friendships. To better understand the predictors of phubbing behavior, the present paper provides a systematic overview of the growing research field. Based on a meta-analytic review of 79 studies and 526 effect sizes, we identified 10 higher-level predictor categories of phubbing behavior: sociodemographics, personality,…

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Is socially disruptive smartphone use detrimental to well-being? A systematic meta-analytic review on being phubbed

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Author: Nunez, Tania R.; Radtke, Theda Description: Phubbing–i.e. excluding and ignoring others through smartphone use–is a pervasive phenomenon. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of its consequences is still lacking. This systematic meta-analytic review aimed to (1) synthesize the associations between being phubbed and emotional and cognitive, social, and behavioural well-being, (2) test the strength of these associations, and (3) investigate moderating influences. Literature searches according to PRISMA-guidelines yielded k = 83 included studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for 24 of 72 extracted consequences. Subgroup analyses were performed for phubbees’ relationship to…

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Early-life social experiences in mice affect emotional behaviour and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function

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Author: Ros-Simo, C.; Valverde, O. Description: RATIONALE: Early-life stressful experiences are associated to alterations in behavioural responses and development of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. In rodents, individual housing is considered as a stressful condition whilst enriched environment can protect against stress and its negative consequences. Neuroendocrine responses to stress can also be altered by early-life experiences and seem to contribute to behavioural alterations induced by changes in housing conditions. OBJECTIVE: To develop an improved procedure of social isolation throughout development (from pre-adolescence to adulthood) in CD1 mice and to elucidate…

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