Tag: Disease

Exposure to sugar rationing in the first 1000 days of life protected against chronic disease

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Author: Gracner, Tadeja; Boone, Claire; Gertler, Paul J. Description: We examined the impact of exposure to sugar restrictions within 1000 days after conception on type 2 diabetes and hypertension, leveraging quasi-experimental variation from the end of the United Kingdom’s sugar rationing in September 1953. Rationing restricted sugar intake to levels within current dietary guidelines, and consumption nearly doubled immediately after rationing ended. Using an event study design with UK Biobank data comparing adults conceived just before or after rationing ended, we found that early-life rationing reduced type 2 diabetes and…

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Relationship of soft drink consumption to global overweight, obesity, and diabetes: a cross-national analysis of 75 countries

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Author: Basu, Sanjay; McKee, Martin; Galea, Gauden; Stuckler, David Description: OBJECTIVES: We estimated the relationship between soft drink consumption and obesity and diabetes worldwide. METHODS: We used multivariate linear regression to estimate the association between soft drink consumption and overweight, obesity, and diabetes prevalence in 75 countries, controlling for other foods (cereals, meats, fruits and vegetables, oils, and total calories), income, urbanization, and aging. Data were obtained from the Euromonitor Global Market Information Database, the World Health Organization, and the International Diabetes Federation. Bottled water consumption, which increased with per-capita…

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Ubiquitin-specific proximity labeling for the identification of E3 ligase substrates

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Author: Huang, Hai-Tsang; Lumpkin, Ryan J.; Tsai, Ryan W.; Su, Shuyao; Zhao, Xu; Xiong, Yuan; Chen, James; Mageed, Nada; Donovan, Katherine A.; Fischer, Eric S.; Sellers, William R. Description: Protein ubiquitylation controls diverse processes within eukaryotic cells, including protein degradation, and is often dysregulated in disease. Moreover, small-molecule degraders that redirect ubiquitylation activities toward disease targets are an emerging and promising therapeutic class. Over 600 E3 ubiquitin ligases are expressed in humans, but their substrates remain largely elusive, necessitating the development of new methods for their discovery. Here we report…

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Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health

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Author: Fisher, M.C.; Henk, D.A.; Briggs, C.J.; Brownstein, J.S.; Madoff, L.C.; McCraw, S.L.; Gurr, S.J. Description: The past two decades have seen an increasing number of virulent infectious diseases in natural populations and managed landscapes. In both animals and plants, an unprecedented number of fungal and fungal-like diseases have recently caused some of the most severe die-offs and extinctions ever witnessed in wild species, and are jeopardizing food security. Human activity is intensifying fungal disease dispersal by modifying natural environments and thus creating new opportunities for evolution. We argue that…

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