Tag: Food

Laboratory Determined Sugar Content and Composition of Commercial Infant Formulas, Baby Foods and Common Grocery Items Targeted to Children

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Author: Walker, Ryan W.; Goran, Michael I. Description: Excess added sugar consumption is tied to poor health outcomes in children. The sugar content of beverages and foods children are exposed to is mostly unknown, yet this information is imperative for understanding potential risks from overconsumption of sugars in early life. We determined actual sugar content by conducting a blinded laboratory analysis in infant formulas, breakfast cereals, packaged baked goods and yogurts. One hundred samples were sent to an independent laboratory for analysis via gas chromatography. Sugar content and composition was…

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Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses

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Author: Lane, Melissa M.; Gamage, Elizabeth; Du, Shutong; Ashtree, Deborah N.; McGuinness, Amelia J.; Gauci, Sarah; Baker, Phillip; Lawrence, Mark; Rebholz, Casey M.; Srour, Bernard; Touvier, Mathilde; Jacka, Felice N.; O’Neil, Adrienne; Segasby, Toby; Marx, Wolfgang Description: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. DESIGN: Systematic umbrella review of existing meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as manual searches of reference lists…

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Effects of restriction on children’s intake differ by child temperament, food reinforcement, and parent’s chronic use of restriction

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Author: Rollins, B.Y.; Loken, E.; Savage, J.S.; Birch, L.L. Description: Parents’ use of restrictive feeding practices is counterproductive, increasing children’s intake of restricted foods and risk for excessive weight gain. The aims of this research were to replicate Fisher and Birch’s (1999b) original findings that short-term restriction increases preschool children’s (3-5 y) selection, intake, and behavioral response to restricted foods, and to identify characteristics of children who were more susceptible to the negative effects of restriction. The experiment used a within-subjects design; 37 children completed the food reinforcement task and…

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The Influence of the Microbiome on Allergic Sensitization to Food

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Author: Plunkett, Catherine H.; Nagler, Cathryn R. Description: The alarming increase in the incidence and severity of food allergies has coincided with lifestyle changes in Western societies, such as dietary modifications and increased antibiotic use. These demographic shifts have profoundly altered the coevolved relationship between host and microbiota, depleting bacterial populations critical for the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that the dysbiosis associated with sensitization to food fails to stimulate protective tolerogenic pathways, leading to the development of the type 2 immune responses that characterize allergic disease….

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Racial/ethnic and income disparities in child and adolescent exposure to food and beverage television ads across the U.S. media markets

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Author: Powell, L.M.; Wada, R.; Kumanyika, S.K. Description: Obesity prevalence and related health burdens are greater among U.S. racial/ethnic minority and low-income populations. Targeted advertising may contribute to disparities. Designated market area (DMA) spot television ratings were used to assess geographic differences in child/adolescent exposure to food-related advertisements based on DMA-level racial/ethnic and income characteristics. Controlling for unobserved DMA-level factors and time trends, child/adolescent exposure to food-related ads, particularly for sugar-sweetened beverages and fast-food restaurants, was significantly higher in areas with higher proportions of black children/adolescents and lower-income households. Geographically…

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