Tag: Health

How Many People Were Killed by Windblown Dust Events in the United States?

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Author: Tong, D.; Feng, Irene Y.; Gill, Thomas E.; Schepanski, K.; Wang, J. Description: Windblown dust events, including dust storms and smaller blowing dust events, pose severe risks to public health and transportation safety. In the United States, the statistics of fatalities caused by dust events remains elusive. We developed a new dataset by merging dust fatality data from NOAA Storm Events Database and the Department of Transportation Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). There was a total of 232 deaths from windblown dust events from 2007 to 2017. This number…

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Diet-induced obesity in female mice leads to offspring hyperphagia, adiposity, hypertension, and insulin resistance: a novel murine model of developmental programming

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Author: Samuelsson, Anne-Maj; Matthews, Phillippa A.; Argenton, Marco; Christie, Michael R.; McConnell, Josie M.; Jansen, Eugene H. J. M.; Piersma, Aldert H.; Ozanne, Susan E.; Twinn, Denise Fernandez; Remacle, Claude; Rowlerson, Anthea; Poston, Lucilla; Taylor, Paul D. Description: Maternal obesity is increasingly prevalent and may affect the long-term health of the child. We investigated the effects of maternal diet-induced obesity in mice on offspring metabolic and cardiovascular function. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed either a standard chow (3% fat, 7% sugar) or a palatable obesogenic diet (16% fat, 33% sugar)…

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Laboratory Determined Sugar Content and Composition of Commercial Infant Formulas, Baby Foods and Common Grocery Items Targeted to Children

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Author: Walker, Ryan W.; Goran, Michael I. Description: Excess added sugar consumption is tied to poor health outcomes in children. The sugar content of beverages and foods children are exposed to is mostly unknown, yet this information is imperative for understanding potential risks from overconsumption of sugars in early life. We determined actual sugar content by conducting a blinded laboratory analysis in infant formulas, breakfast cereals, packaged baked goods and yogurts. One hundred samples were sent to an independent laboratory for analysis via gas chromatography. Sugar content and composition was…

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Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses

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Author: Lane, Melissa M.; Gamage, Elizabeth; Du, Shutong; Ashtree, Deborah N.; McGuinness, Amelia J.; Gauci, Sarah; Baker, Phillip; Lawrence, Mark; Rebholz, Casey M.; Srour, Bernard; Touvier, Mathilde; Jacka, Felice N.; O’Neil, Adrienne; Segasby, Toby; Marx, Wolfgang Description: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. DESIGN: Systematic umbrella review of existing meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as manual searches of reference lists…

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Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Reproduction and Fertility: Where We Stand

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Author: Fonseca, Bruno M.; Rebelo, Irene Description: Although cannabis use is increasing in general population, their prevalence among young adults is remarkably high. In recent years, their medical use gained a renewed interest. However, it can underline the reputation of cannabis being a harmless drug. Between cannabinoids, uniquely found on the cannabis plant, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the well-studied compound. It is responsible for the psychoactive effects via central cannabinoid receptors. Nevertheless, cannabinoids interact with other chemical signalling systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. THC indirectly decreases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion…

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Temporal dynamics of the human vaginal microbiota

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Author: Gajer, P.; Brotman, R.M.; Bai, G.; Sakamoto, J.; Schutte, U.M.E.; Zhong, X.; Koenig, S.S.K.; Fu, L.; Ma, Z.S.; Zhou, X.; Abdo, Z.; Forney, L.J.; Ravel, J. Description: Elucidating the factors that impinge on the stability of bacterial communities in the vagina may help in predicting the risk of diseases that affect women’s health. Here, we describe the temporal dynamics of the composition of vaginal bacterial communities in 32 reproductive-age women over a 16-week period. The analysis revealed the dynamics of five major classes of bacterial communities and showed that…

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Changes in afferent activity after spinal cord injury

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Author: de Groat, W.C.; Yoshimura, N. Description: AIMS: To summarize the changes that occur in the properties of bladder afferent neurons following spinal cord injury. METHODS: Literature review of anatomical, immunohistochemical, and pharmacologic studies of normal and dysfunctional bladder afferent pathways. RESULTS: Studies in animals indicate that the micturition reflex is mediated by a spinobulbospinal pathway passing through coordination centers (periaqueductal gray and pontine micturition center) located in the rostral brain stem. This reflex pathway, which is activated by small myelinated (Adelta) bladder afferent nerves, is in turn modulated by…

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