Tag: Opiods

A review of oxycodone’s clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

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Author: Poyhia, R; Vainio, A; Kalso, E Description: Oxycodone (14-hydroxy-7,8-dihydrocodeinone) is a strong opioid agonist that is available alone or in combination with mild analgesics. It is suitable for oral administration due to high bioavailability (60%), and may also be given intramuscularly, intravenously, subcutaneously, and rectally; it is not recommended for spinal administration. In analgesic potency, oxycodone is comparable to morphine. With the exception of hallucinations, which may occur more rarely after oxycodone than after morphine, the side effects of these drugs are closely related. The abuse potential of oxycodone…

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Withdrawal from acute morphine dependence is accompanied by increased anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze

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Author: Zhang, Z; Schulteis, G Description: Pretreatment with a single moderate dose of morphine (e.g. 5.6-10 mg/kg) 4-24 hr prior to challenge with an opioid antagonist such as naloxone results in reliable expression of behaviors that resemble aversive or emotional consequences of withdrawal from chronic opioid exposure, including suppression of operant responding, elevations in brain reward thresholds, and conditioned place aversion. Repeated daily or weekly treatment with these same morphine doses results in a progressive increase in naloxone potency to elicit these withdrawal signs. The current study sought to determine…

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Characterizing the subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of oral oxycodone in non-drug-abusing volunteers

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Author: Zacny, JP; Gutierrez, S Description: RATIONALE: The subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of a widely prescribed and abused prescription opioid, oxycodone, have not been studied in a population of non-drug-abusing people. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the effects of oxycodone in non-drug-abusing volunteers. METHODS: Eighteen volunteers participated in a crossover, randomized, double-blind study in which they received, all p.o., placebo, 10 mg oxycodone, 20 mg oxycodone, 30 mg oxycodone, 40 mg morphine, and 2 mg lorazepam. Measures were assessed before and for 300 min after drug administration. End-of-session and 24-h post-session…

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