Tag: Risk

Early pubertal onset and its relationship with sexual risk taking, substance use and anti-social behaviour: a preliminary cross-sectional study

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Author: Downing, J; Bellis, MA Description: BACKGROUND: In many countries age at pubertal onset has declined substantially. Relatively little attention has been paid to how this decline may affect adolescent behaviours such as substance use, violence and unprotected sex and consequently impact on public health. METHODS: In the UK, two opportunistic samples (aged 16-45 years), paper-based (n = 976) and online (n = 1117), examined factors associated with earlier pubertal onset and whether earlier age of onset predicted sexual risk-taking, substance use and anti-social behaviours during early adolescence. RESULTS: Overall,…

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When a 12.86% mortality is more dangerous than 24.14%: implications for risk communication

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Author: Yamagishi, Kimihiko Description: Participants assessed the riskiness of 11 well-known causes of death. Each participant was presented with an estimation of the number of deaths in the population due to that particular cause. The estimates were obtained from a previous study of naive participants’ intuitive estimations. For instance, based on the result of the previous study, the number of deaths due to cancer was presented as: ‘2,414 out of 10,000’, ‘1,286 out of 10,000’, ‘24.14 out of 100’ and ‘12.86 out of 100’. The estimates of deaths were presented…

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A social network contagion theory of risk perception

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Author: Scherer, Clifford W.; Cho, Hichang Description: Risk perceptions have, to a great extent, been studied exclusively as individual cognitive mechanisms in which individuals collect, process, and form perceptions as atomized units unconnected to a social system. These individual-level theories do not, however, help explain how perception of risk may vary between communities or within a single community. One alternative approach is based on a network theory of contagion. This approach, emerging largely from organizational and community social network studies, suggests that it is the relational aspects of individuals and…

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Association Between Daily Alcohol Intake and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses

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Author: Zhao, Jinhui; Stockwell, Tim; Naimi, Tim; Churchill, Sam; Clay, James; Sherk, Adam Description: IMPORTANCE: A previous meta-analysis of the association between alcohol use and all-cause mortality found no statistically significant reductions in mortality risk at low levels of consumption compared with lifetime nondrinkers. However, the risk estimates may have been affected by the number and quality of studies then available, especially those for women and younger cohorts. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between alcohol use and all-cause mortality, and how sources of bias may change results. DATA SOURCES: A…

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Sensation seeking, risk appraisal, and risky behavior

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Author: Horvath, P.; Zuckerman, M. Description: This study evaluated the relationships between sensation seeking and impulsivity, appraisal of risk in several areas including crime, financial, social violations, sports, and risk of AIDS from sexual activity, and risky behavior in the same areas. Subjects were 447 undergraduates who were given personality tests, and risk appraisal and risky behavior scales developed from factor analyses. Multiple regression analyses showed perceived peer behavior and sensation seeking to be strong predictors of risky behavior, particularly in the areas of criminal behavior and social violations. Personal…

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Risky Development: Increasing Exposure to Natural Hazards in the United States

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Author: Iglesias, Virginia; Braswell, Anna E.; Rossi, Matthew W.; Joseph, Maxwell B.; McShane, Caitlin; Cattau, Megan; Koontz, Michael J.; McGlinchy, Joe; Nagy, R. Chelsea; Balch, Jennifer; Leyk, Stefan; Travis, William R. Description: Losses from natural hazards are escalating dramatically, with more properties and critical infrastructure affected each year. Although the magnitude, intensity, and/or frequency of certain hazards has increased, development contributes to this unsustainable trend, as disasters emerge when natural disturbances meet vulnerable assets and populations. To diagnose development patterns leading to increased exposure in the conterminous United States (CONUS),…

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