Tag: Sleep

Dose-response association between sleep duration and obesity risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

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Author: Zhou, Qionggui; Zhang, Ming; Hu, Dongsheng Description: The association between sleep duration and obesity risk remains unclear. We performed an updated meta-analysis to quantify a potential dose-response relation between sleep duration and risk of obesity. PubMed and Embase were searched for prospective cohort studies examining the association between sleep duration and risk of obesity that were published up to October 28, 2017. Random effects models were used to evaluate the pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of sleep duration and obesity. Restricted cubic…

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Bidirectional relationship between sleep and Alzheimer’s disease: role of amyloid, tau, and other factors

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Author: Wang, Chanung; Holtzman, David M. Description: As we age, we experience changes in our nighttime sleep and daytime wakefulness. Individuals afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can develop sleep problems even before memory and other cognitive deficits are reported. As the disease progresses and cognitive changes ensue, sleep disturbances become even more debilitating. Thus, it is imperative to gain a better understanding of the relationship between sleep and AD pathogenesis. We postulate a bidirectional relationship between sleep and the neuropathological hallmarks of AD; in particular, the accumulation of amyloid-B (AB)…

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Sleep and inflammation: partners in sickness and in health

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Author: Irwin, Michael R. Description: The discovery of reciprocal connections between the central nervous system, sleep and the immune system has shown that sleep enhances immune defenses and that afferent signals from immune cells promote sleep. One mechanism by which sleep is proposed to provide a survival advantage is in terms of supporting a neurally integrated immune system that might anticipate injury and infectious threats. However, in modern times, chronic social threats can drive the development of sleep disturbances in humans, which can contribute to the dysregulation of inflammatory and…

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Sleep as a Therapeutic Target in the Aging Brain

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Author: Bah, Thierno M.; Goodman, James; Iliff, Jeffrey J. Description: Sleep is a behavioral phenomenon conserved among mammals and some invertebrates, yet the biological functions of sleep are still being elucidated. In humans, sleep time becomes shorter, more fragmented, and of poorer quality with advancing age. Epidemiologically, the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease is associated with pronounced sleep disruption, whereas emerging mechanistic studies suggest that sleep disruption may be causally linked to neurodegenerative pathology, suggesting that sleep may represent a key therapeutic target in…

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The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review

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Author: Dewald, Julia F.; Meijer, Anne M.; Oort, Frans J.; Kerkhof, Gerard A.; Bogels, Susan M. Description: Insufficient sleep, poor sleep quality and sleepiness are common problems in children and adolescents being related to learning, memory and school performance. The associations between sleep quality (k=16 studies, N=13,631), sleep duration (k=17 studies, N=15,199), sleepiness (k=17, N=19,530) and school performance were examined in three separate meta-analyses including influential factors (e.g., gender, age, parameter assessment) as moderators. All three sleep variables were significantly but modestly related to school performance. Sleepiness showed the strongest…

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The impact of sleep deprivation on decision making: a review

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Author: Harrison, Y.; Horne, J. A. Description: Few sleep deprivation (SD) studies involve realism or high-level decision making, factors relevant to managers, military commanders, and so forth, who are undergoing prolonged work during crises. Instead, research has favored simple tasks sensitive to SD mostly because of their dull monotony. In contrast, complex rule-based, convergent, and logical tasks are unaffected by short-term SD, seemingly because of heightened participant interest and compensatory effort. However, recent findings show that despite this effort, SD still impairs decision making involving the unexpected, innovation, revising plans,…

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Disparities in Sleep Health and Potential Intervention Models: A Focused Review

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Author: Billings, Martha E.; Cohen, Robyn T.; Baldwin, Carol M.; Johnson, Dayna A.; Palen, Brian N.; Parthasarathy, Sairam; Patel, Sanjay R.; Russell, Maureen; Tapia, Ignacio E.; Williamson, Ariel A.; Sharma, Sunil Description: Disparities in sleep health are important but underrecognized contributors to health disparities. Understanding the factors contributing to sleep heath disparities and developing effective interventions are critical to improving all aspects of heath. Sleep heath disparities are impacted by socioeconomic status, racism, discrimination, neighborhood segregation, geography, social patterns, and access to health care as well as by cultural beliefs,…

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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Health and Potential Interventions Among Women in the United States

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Author: Jackson, Chandra L.; Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M.; Gaston, Symielle A.; Andrews, Marcus R.; Tamura, Kosuke; Ramos, Alberto Description: While essential for health and wellness, the various dimensions of sleep health are generally not equitably distributed across the population, and reasons for racial/ethnic sleep disparities are not fully understood. In this review, we describe racial/ethnic sleep disparities and subsequent implications for health from prior and recently conducted epidemiological and clinical studies as well as the potential sleep interventions presented at the 2018 Research Conference on Sleep and the Health of Women…

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Are sleep patterns influenced by race/ethnicity – a marker of relative advantage or disadvantage? Evidence to date

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Author: Johnson, Dayna A.; Jackson, Chandra L.; Williams, Natasha J.; Alcantara, Carmela Description: Sleep is a fundamental necessity of life. However, sleep health and sleep disorders are not equitably distributed across racial/ethnic groups. In fact, growing research consistently demonstrates that racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to experience, for instance, shorter sleep durations, less deep sleep, inconsistent sleep timing, and lower sleep continuity in comparison to Whites. However, racial/ethnic disparities in reports of sleepiness and sleep complaints are inconsistent. Racial/ethnic groups have significant heterogeneity, yet within-group analyses are limited. Among the…

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