Tag: Technology

The Dark Side of AI: A Human and Societal Perspective

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Author: Shafik, Wasswa Description: This book addresses how the growth of AI could undermine fundamental human values such as privacy, security, employment, and democracy. It emphasizes the critical challenges that arise when artificial intelligence technologies operate without proper ethical oversight or regulation. Key topics include AI’s potential for surveillance, the manipulation of media through deepfakes, autonomous weapons, and job displacement, as well as the growing concerns around algorithmic biases that may perpetuate social inequalities and harm marginalized communities. It offers insights into how AI can be integrated into society responsibly,…

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Is artificial intelligence a good servant but a bad master?

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Author: Lakhtakia, Akhlesh; Lakhtakia, Natalya S. Description: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly moving from a specialized research topic into a widely deployed general-purpose technology, driven by advances in transformer-based architectures, convincing enough productivity gains, large private investment, geopolitical competition, and expanding educational adoption. AI comprises two distinct sets of methodologies: (i) predictive AI, which is grounded in statistical inference and aims to model measurable physical reality, and (ii) generative AI, which produces plausible synthetic content without intrinsic verification against physical reality. Whereas predictive AI can strengthen human decision-making through rigorously…

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Validity in Design Science

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Author: Larsen, K.; Lukyanenko, R.; Mueller, Roland M.; Storey, V.; Parsons, J.; Vandermeer, D.; Hovorka, D. Description: Researchers must ensure that the claims about the knowledge produced by their work are valid. However, validity is neither well-understood nor consistently established in design science, which involves the development and evaluation of artifacts (models, methods, instantiations, and theories) to solve problems. As a result, it is challenging to demonstrate and communicate the validity of knowledge claims about artifacts. This paper defines validity in design science and derives the Design Science Validity Framework…

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Sycophantic AI Decreases Prosocial Intentions and Promotes Dependence

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Author: Cheng, Myra; Lee, Cinoo; Khadpe, Pranav; Yu, Sunny; Han, Dyllan; Jurafsky, Dan Description: Both the general public and academic communities have raised concerns about sycophancy, the phenomenon of artificial intelligence (AI) excessively agreeing with or flattering users. Yet, beyond isolated media reports of severe consequences, like reinforcing delusions, little is known about the extent of sycophancy or how it affects people who use AI. Here we show the pervasiveness and harmful impacts of sycophancy when people seek advice from AI. First, across 11 state-of-the-art AI models, we find that…

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Is socially disruptive smartphone use detrimental to well-being? A systematic meta-analytic review on being phubbed

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Author: Nunez, Tania R.; Radtke, Theda Description: Phubbing–i.e. excluding and ignoring others through smartphone use–is a pervasive phenomenon. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of its consequences is still lacking. This systematic meta-analytic review aimed to (1) synthesize the associations between being phubbed and emotional and cognitive, social, and behavioural well-being, (2) test the strength of these associations, and (3) investigate moderating influences. Literature searches according to PRISMA-guidelines yielded k = 83 included studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for 24 of 72 extracted consequences. Subgroup analyses were performed for phubbees’ relationship to…

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Who “phubs”? A systematic meta-analytic review of phubbing predictors

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Author: Arenz, Anisha; Schnauber-Stockmann, Anna Description: Phubbing (i.e., snubbing someone in face-to-face interactions by focusing on one’s phone instead of those present) has increased enormously in recent years and has become a widespread usage phenomenon that is associated with negative consequences, for instance for relationships and friendships. To better understand the predictors of phubbing behavior, the present paper provides a systematic overview of the growing research field. Based on a meta-analytic review of 79 studies and 526 effect sizes, we identified 10 higher-level predictor categories of phubbing behavior: sociodemographics, personality,…

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The effects of “phubbing” on social interaction

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Author: Chotpitayasunondh, Varoth; Douglas, Karen M. Description: This research experimentally investigated the social consequences of “phubbing”–the act of snubbing someone in a social setting by concentrating on one’s mobile phone. Participants viewed a three-minute animation in which they imagined themselves as part of a dyadic conversation. Their communication partner either phubbed them extensively, partially, or not at all. Results revealed that increased phubbing significantly and negatively affected perceived communication quality and relationship satisfaction. These effects were mediated by reduced feelings of belongingness and both positive and negative affect. This research…

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Face recognition technology: security versus privacy

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Author: Bowyer, K. W. Description: Video surveillance and face recognition systems have become the subject of increased interest and controversy after the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States. In favor of face recognition technology, there is the lure of a powerful tool to aid national security. On the negative side, there are fears of an Orwellian invasion of privacy. Given the ongoing nature of the controversy, and the fact that face recognition systems represent leading edge and rapidly changing technology, face recognition technology is currently a major issue…

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Facial recognition technology in schools: critical questions and concerns

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Author: Andrejevic, Mark; Selwyn, Neil Description: Facial recognition technology is now being introduced across various aspects of public life. This includes the burgeoning integration of facial recognition and facial detection into compulsory schooling to address issues such as campus security, automated registration and student emotion detection. So far, these technologies have largely been seen as routine additions to school systems with already extensive cultures of monitoring and surveillance. While critical commentators are beginning to question the pedagogical limitations of facially driven learning, this article contends that school-based facial recognition presents…

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