Tag: Temperature

Assessing recent warming using instrumentally homogeneous sea surface temperature records

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Author: Hausfather, Z.; Cowtan, K.; Clarke, D.C.; Jacobs, P.; Richardson, M.; Rohde, R. Description: Sea surface temperature (SST) records are subject to potential biases due to changing instrumentation and measurement practices. Significant differences exist between commonly used composite SST reconstructions from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Extended Reconstruction Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST), the Hadley Centre SST data set (HadSST3), and the Japanese Meteorological Agency’s Centennial Observation-Based Estimates of SSTs (COBE-SST) from 2003 to the present. The update from ERSST version 3b to version 4 resulted in an increase in…

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Dependence of the melting temperature of DNA on salt concentration

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Author: Schildkraut, C. Description: Data on the decrease of the DNA melting temperature Tm with the salt concentration M are reported and discussed. The electrostatic free energy change in the helix–coil transition, ΔFe is related to the potential, ψ, which represents the electrostatic repulsion between the phosphate charges; ψ is calculated as a function of M and of the distances between the charges of the two strands. The Debye-Hückel approximation is shown to overestimate ψ. It is suggested that the high local concentration of the counterions in the immediate vicinity…

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