Search Results for: Memory

Author: Bowler, D.M.; Gaigg, S.B.; Gardiner, J.M. Description: Memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by greater difficulties with recall rather than recognition and with a diminished use of semantic or associative relatedness in the aid of recall. Two experiments are reported that test the effects of item-context relatedness on recall and recognition in adults with high-functioning ASD (HFA) and matched typical comparison participants. In both experiments, participants studied words presented inside a red rectangle and were told to ignore context words presented outside the rectangle. Context words were…

Author: Stein, M.B.; Kennedy, C.M.; Twamley, E.W. Description: BACKGROUND: Various aspects of neuropsychologic function have been reported to be abnormal in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the majority of these data come from studies of seriously ill, treatment-seeking samples with substantial substance use comorbidity. Few studies have included similarly trauma-exposed subjects without PTSD, and fewer still have focused on women. METHODS: Thirty-nine female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV; 22 without lifetime PTSD and 17 with current PTSD), and 22 nonvictimized comparison (NC) subjects were administered tests of…

Author: Albert, I.; Cicala, G.A.; Siegel, J. Description: Four experiments were performed to test the behavioral effects of REM deprivation on rats. Two studies of avoidance learning showed that shuttle avoidance and runway avoidance were unaffected by REM deprivation. REM deprivation produced an enhancement of activity, and the addition of periodic shock demonstrated a failure of adaptation for REM-deprived subjects. These data were interpreted as indicating that REM deprivation produces motivational effects on rat behavior and that electric shock-induced pain and REM deprivation interact to change activity patterns. It was…

Bisht, K., Sharma, K., Tremblay, M.E. (2018) Neurobiology of Stress, 9, 9-21 Microglia are the predominant immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that exert key physiological roles required for maintaining CNS homeostasis, notably in response to chronic stress, as well as mediating synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. The repeated exposure to stress confers a higher risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases including sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While microglia have been causally linked to amyloid beta (Abeta) accumulation, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and synaptic loss in AD, they were also attributed…

Weisleder, A., Mazzuchelli, D.S.R., Lopez, A.S., Neto, W.D., Cates, C.B., Goncalves, H.A., Fonseca, R.P., Oliveira, J., Mendelsohn, A.L. (2018) Pediatrics, 141(1), e20170723 OBJECTIVES: Many children in low- and middle-income countries fail to reach their developmental potential. We sought to determine if a parenting program focused on the promotion of reading aloud enhanced parent-child interactions and child development among low-income families in northern Brazil. METHODS: This was a cluster-randomized study of educational child care centers randomly assigned to receive an additional parenting program (intervention) or standard child care without a parenting…