Category: Student Database

Author: Schaefer, K.E.; Chen, J.Y.C.; Szalma, J.L.; Hancock, P.A. Description: OBJECTIVE: We used meta-analysis to assess research concerning human trust in automation to understand the foundation upon which future autonomous systems can be built. BACKGROUND: Trust is increasingly important in the growing need for synergistic human-machine teaming. Thus, we expand on our previous meta-analytic foundation in the field of human-robot interaction to include all of automation interaction. METHOD: We used meta-analysis to assess trust in automation. Thirty studies provided 164 pairwise effect sizes, and 16 studies provided 63 correlational effect…

Author: Pourrazavi, S.; Allahverdipour, H.; Jafarabadi, M.A.; Matlabi, H. Description: OBJECTIVES: The study examined the predictive ability of selected demographic and socio-psychological characteristics in explaining excessive mobile phone use (EMPU) behavior and problematic use in a sample of university students on the basis of the social cognitive theory. METHODS: The sample consisted of 476 randomly selected university students in Tabriz, Iran. The study was cross-sectional in nature. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used for the purpose of data collection. No causal inferences were drawn due to non-experimental nature of the study….

Author: Thiyagarajan, S.; Genuino, H.C.; Sliwa, M.; van der Waal, J.C.; de Jong, E.; van Haveren, J.; Weckhuysen, B.M.; Bruijnincx, P.C.A.; van Es, D.S. Description: A novel route for the production of renewable aromatic chemicals, particularly substituted phthalic acid anhydrides, is presented. The classical two-step approach to furanics-derived aromatics via Diels-Alder (DA) aromatization has been modified into a three-step procedure to address the general issue of the reversible nature of the intermediate DA addition step. The new sequence involves DA addition, followed by a mild hydrogenation step to obtain a…

Author: Jenaro, C.; Flores, N.; Gómez-Vela, M.; González-Gil, F.; Caballo, C. Description: This study aimed to assess pathological Internet and cell-phone use in college students, and to identify psychological, health, and behavioral correlates. A cross-sectional design was utilized to gather data from 337 students. We developed two measures, termed the Internet Over-use Scale (IOS), and the Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (COS). Additional measures utilized were the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the General Health Questionnaire-28. Results provide support for internal consistency of the IOS and the COS (α = 0.88…

Author: Nielsen, K.; Munir, F. Description: Transformational leaders employ a visionary and creative style of leadership that inspires employees to make independent decisions and develop in their work. There is some evidence that the transformational (inspirational) leadership style is linked to employee burnout and stress. However, little research has focused on the psychological mechanisms that could explain this link, nor has there been a focus on positive affective well-being. We propose that transformational leaders influence their followers’ self-efficacy, thereby affecting affective well-being in followers. This study extends previous work by…

Author: Webster, V.; Brough, P.; Daly, K. Description: Sustained destructive leadership behaviours are associated with negative outcomes that produce serious workplace problems, yet there is scant research into how followers effectively cope with toxic leader behaviours. Despite numerous attempts to develop typologies of coping behaviours, there remains much to learn, especially in relation to this specific workplace stressor. This mixed method research investigates the coping strategies reported by 76 followers to cope with the psychological, emotional and physical consequences of their leader’s adverse behaviour. Coping instances were categorized using two…

Author: Polman, R.; Borkoles, E.; Nicholls, A.R. Description: OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether approach coping, avoidance coping, or perceptions of available social support mediated the relationship between Type D personality and perceived stress. Furthermore, this research also examined whether Type D moderated the relationship between perceived stress and symptoms of burnout. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 334 (male N=180; female N=154) first-year undergraduate students completed the Type D Scale-14 (DS14), the Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. DESIGN:…

Author: Hill, A.P.; Hall, H.K.; Appleton, P.R. Description: Recent research indicates that some dimensions of perfectionism are positively related to athlete burnout, whereas others are negatively related to athlete burnout. The divergent relationship between these dimensions of perfectionism and athlete burnout may be explained by different coping tendencies. The present investigation examined whether different coping tendencies mediate the relationship between self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism and burnout. Two-hundred and six junior elite athletes (M age=15.15 years, SD=1.88 years, range=11-22 years) completed measures of self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, coping tendencies,…

Author: Kingsolver, J.G.; Watt, W.B. Description: As a case study of adaptive strategies in temporally varying environments, thermoregulation in three populations of Colias butterflies along an elevation gradient in Colorado is studied in relation to the fluctuating meteorological environment. Emphasis is placed on short time scale (15-300 s) variation in air temperature and wind speed and its role in determining elevational patterns of body temperature, flight activity, and thermal stress due to overheating. A stochastic, linear filter model of an organism in a variable environment is used which views the…

Author: Rosenthal, J.P.; Kotanen, P.M. Description: Damage to plants by herbivores is ubiquitous and sometimes severe. Tolerance is the capacity of a plant to maintain its fitness through growth and reproduction after sustaining herbivore damage. Recent physiological and ecological work indicates that tolerance mechanisms are numerous and varied. Some of the plant traits involved may reflect selection by herbivores, while others are likely to be by-products of selection for other ecological functions. Similarly, some tolerance mechanisms may participate In trade-offs with plant defence, while many do not. Regardless of its…