Search Results for: Memory

Author: Shamay-Tsoory, S.G. Description: Human empathy relies on the ability to share emotions as well as the ability to understand the other’s thoughts, desires, and feelings. Recent evidence points to 2 separate systems for empathy: an emotional system that supports our ability to empathize emotionally and a cognitive system that involves cognitive understanding of the other’s perspective. Converging evidence from neuroimaging and lesion studies shows that a neural network that includes the inferior frontal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule is necessary for emotion recognition and emotional contagion. On the…

Author: Hindin, Shoshana B.; Zelinski, Elizabeth M. Description: OBJECTIVES: To examine whether therapeutic interventions of extended practice of cognitive tasks or aerobic exercise have led to significant improvement in untrained cognitive tasks. DESIGN: The PSYCINFO, MEDLINE, and Abstracts in Social Gerontology databases were searched for English-language studies of cognitive interventions of exercise or extended cognitive practice between 1966 and 2010. The final search was in January 2011. Studies included were experimental interventions hypothesizing improvement on untrained cognitive outcomes with pre- and posttests. Studies of varying quality were included and compared….

Author: Diamond, Adele; Barnett, W. Steven; Thomas, Jessica; Munro, Sarah Description: Cognitive control skills important for success in school and life are amenable to improvement in at-risk preschoolers without costly interventions. Subject headings: Attention; Child; Preschool; Cognition; Curriculum; Early Intervention, Educational; Female; Humans; Male; Memory; Neuropsychological Tests; Schools; Nursery Publication year: 2007 Journal or book title: Science Volume: 318 Issue: 5855 Pages: 1387-1388 Find the full text: http://lchc.ucsd.edu/MCA/Mail/xmcamail.2007_11.dir/att-0453/1387.pdf Find more like this one (cited by): https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=2298190728470427204&as_sdt=5,26&sciodt=0,26&hl=en Serial number: 3362

Author: Dalla, Christina; Shors, Tracey J. Description: Males and females learn and remember differently at different times in their lives. These differences occur in most species, from invertebrates to humans. We review here sex differences as they occur in laboratory rodent species. We focus on classical and operant conditioning paradigms, including classical eyeblink conditioning, fear-conditioning, active avoidance and conditioned taste aversion. Sex differences have been reported during acquisition, retention and extinction in most of these paradigms. In general, females perform better than males in the classical eyeblink conditioning, in fear-potentiated…

Author: Hantak, Michael P.; Einstein, Jenifer; Kearns, Rachel B.; Shepherd, Jason D. Description: Viruses and transposable elements are major drivers of evolution and make up over half the sequences in the human genome. In some cases, these elements are co-opted to perform biological functions for the host. Recent studies made the surprising observation that the neuronal gene Arc forms virus-like protein capsids that can transfer RNA between neurons to mediate a novel intercellular communication pathway. Phylogenetic analyses showed that mammalian Arc is derived from an ancient retrotransposon of the Ty3/gypsy…

Author: Woolley, M. L.; Bentley, J. C.; Sleight, A. J.; Marsden, C. A.; Fone, K. C. Description: This study investigates the effect of intracerebroventricular administration of a 5-ht6 antisense oligonucleotide (AO) complementary to bases 1-18 of the rat 5-ht6 cDNA initiation sequence (Mol. Pharmacol. 43 (1993) 320) (1.5 microg twice daily for six days) and i.p. injection of a selective 5-ht6 receptor antagonist Ro 04-6790 (10 or 30 mg/kg once daily for three days) on acquisition and retention in the Morris water maze. Neither the 5-ht6 AO (which reduced cortical…

Author: Manly, T.; Hawkins, K.; Evans, J.; Woldt, K.; Robertson, I.H. Description: The ‘dysexecutive syndrome’ represents a major challenge to functional recovery and adaptation following brain injury–and an important target for rehabilitation. Previous reports of everyday difficulties, and performance on complex, life-like tasks, indicate that an adequately represented goal may become neglected as patients become overly engaged in current activity. Here we examine whether the provision of brief auditory stimuli, acting to interrupt current activity and to cue patients to consider their overall goal, would improve performance in a complex…

Author: Schwert, Christine; Aschenbrenner, Steffen; Weisbrod, Matthias; Schroder, Annette Description: BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with impairments in several cognitive domains. People with depression also tend to focus on and think about their problems (ruminate) more than people without depression. Recent studies indicate that depressive rumination is connected to cognitive impairments in MDD. However, there is little scientific understanding of the role of rumination in these deficits. SAMPLING AND METHODS: The current study examined the performance of 62 outpatients suffering from unipolar major depression with a low tendency…

Author: Bainbridge, Wilma A.; Isola, Phillip; Oliva, Aude Description: The faces we encounter throughout our lives make different impressions on us: Some are remembered at first glance, while others are forgotten. Previous work has found that the distinctiveness of a face influences its memorability–the degree to which face images are remembered or forgotten. Here, we generalize the concept of face memorability in a large-scale memory study. First, we find that memorability is an intrinsic feature of a face photograph–across observers some faces are consistently more remembered or forgotten than others–indicating…