Tag: Children

Diet-induced obesity in female mice leads to offspring hyperphagia, adiposity, hypertension, and insulin resistance: a novel murine model of developmental programming

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Author: Samuelsson, Anne-Maj; Matthews, Phillippa A.; Argenton, Marco; Christie, Michael R.; McConnell, Josie M.; Jansen, Eugene H. J. M.; Piersma, Aldert H.; Ozanne, Susan E.; Twinn, Denise Fernandez; Remacle, Claude; Rowlerson, Anthea; Poston, Lucilla; Taylor, Paul D. Description: Maternal obesity is increasingly prevalent and may affect the long-term health of the child. We investigated the effects of maternal diet-induced obesity in mice on offspring metabolic and cardiovascular function. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed either a standard chow (3% fat, 7% sugar) or a palatable obesogenic diet (16% fat, 33% sugar)…

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Laboratory Determined Sugar Content and Composition of Commercial Infant Formulas, Baby Foods and Common Grocery Items Targeted to Children

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Author: Walker, Ryan W.; Goran, Michael I. Description: Excess added sugar consumption is tied to poor health outcomes in children. The sugar content of beverages and foods children are exposed to is mostly unknown, yet this information is imperative for understanding potential risks from overconsumption of sugars in early life. We determined actual sugar content by conducting a blinded laboratory analysis in infant formulas, breakfast cereals, packaged baked goods and yogurts. One hundred samples were sent to an independent laboratory for analysis via gas chromatography. Sugar content and composition was…

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Third-party social interaction and word learning from video

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Author: O’Doherty, K.; Troseth, G.L.; Shimpi, P.M.; Goldenberg, E.; Akhtar, N.; Saylor, M.M. Description: In previous studies, very young children have learned words while “overhearing” a conversation, yet they have had trouble learning words from a person on video. In Study 1, 64 toddlers (mean age=29.8 months) viewed an object-labeling demonstration in 1 of 4 conditions. In 2, the speaker (present or on video) directly addressed the child, and in 2, the speaker addressed another adult who was present or was with her on video. Study 2 involved 2 follow-up…

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Effects of restriction on children’s intake differ by child temperament, food reinforcement, and parent’s chronic use of restriction

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Author: Rollins, B.Y.; Loken, E.; Savage, J.S.; Birch, L.L. Description: Parents’ use of restrictive feeding practices is counterproductive, increasing children’s intake of restricted foods and risk for excessive weight gain. The aims of this research were to replicate Fisher and Birch’s (1999b) original findings that short-term restriction increases preschool children’s (3-5 y) selection, intake, and behavioral response to restricted foods, and to identify characteristics of children who were more susceptible to the negative effects of restriction. The experiment used a within-subjects design; 37 children completed the food reinforcement task and…

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