Tag: Children

Experiences of parents of autistic children who adopted a cat

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Author: Carlisle, Gretchen K.; Lamontagne, Angelique; Bibbo, Jessica; Johnson, Rebecca A.; Lyons, Leslie A. Description: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication. Autistic children suffer from social cognitive difficulties. There is no specific treatment for ASD, but ongoing individualized care can lead to an improvement in symptoms. Adopting a pet into a family with an autistic child is increasingly recognized as beneficial for improving some of the child’s social skills. Cats are the second most common pet in the homes of autistic…

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Visual attention patterns dogs and cats

Visual Attention Patterns Differ in Dog vs. Cat Interactions With Children With Typical Development or Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Author: Grandgeorge, Marine; Gautier, Yentl; Bourreau, Yannig; Mossu, Heloise; Hausberger, Martine Description: Visual social attention is an important part of the social life of many species, including humans, but its patterning may vary between species. Studies on human-pet relationships have revealed that visual attention is also part of such interspecific interactions and that pets are sensitive to the human visual attentional state. It has been argued that domestication and/or repeated experiences with humans have shaped and refined these decoding abilities. Little is known on how the species’ evolutionary history may…

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Firearm Laws and Pediatric Mortality in the US

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Author: Faust, Jeremy Samuel; Chen, Ji; Bhat, Shriya; Otugo, Onyekachi; Yaver, Miranda; Renton, Benjamin; Chen, Alexander Junxiang; Lin, Zhenqiu; Krumholz, Harlan M. Description: IMPORTANCE: Firearms are the leading cause of death in US children and adolescents, but little is known about whether the overall legal landscape was associated with excess mortality after a landmark US Supreme Court decision in 2010. OBJECTIVE: To measure excess mortality due to firearms among US children aged 0 to 17 years after the McDonald v Chicago US Supreme Court decision (2010). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:…

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The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review

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Author: Dewald, Julia F.; Meijer, Anne M.; Oort, Frans J.; Kerkhof, Gerard A.; Bogels, Susan M. Description: Insufficient sleep, poor sleep quality and sleepiness are common problems in children and adolescents being related to learning, memory and school performance. The associations between sleep quality (k=16 studies, N=13,631), sleep duration (k=17 studies, N=15,199), sleepiness (k=17, N=19,530) and school performance were examined in three separate meta-analyses including influential factors (e.g., gender, age, parameter assessment) as moderators. All three sleep variables were significantly but modestly related to school performance. Sleepiness showed the strongest…

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Laboratory Determined Sugar Content and Composition of Commercial Infant Formulas, Baby Foods and Common Grocery Items Targeted to Children

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Author: Walker, Ryan W.; Goran, Michael I. Description: Excess added sugar consumption is tied to poor health outcomes in children. The sugar content of beverages and foods children are exposed to is mostly unknown, yet this information is imperative for understanding potential risks from overconsumption of sugars in early life. We determined actual sugar content by conducting a blinded laboratory analysis in infant formulas, breakfast cereals, packaged baked goods and yogurts. One hundred samples were sent to an independent laboratory for analysis via gas chromatography. Sugar content and composition was…

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Diet-induced obesity in female mice leads to offspring hyperphagia, adiposity, hypertension, and insulin resistance: a novel murine model of developmental programming

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Author: Samuelsson, Anne-Maj; Matthews, Phillippa A.; Argenton, Marco; Christie, Michael R.; McConnell, Josie M.; Jansen, Eugene H. J. M.; Piersma, Aldert H.; Ozanne, Susan E.; Twinn, Denise Fernandez; Remacle, Claude; Rowlerson, Anthea; Poston, Lucilla; Taylor, Paul D. Description: Maternal obesity is increasingly prevalent and may affect the long-term health of the child. We investigated the effects of maternal diet-induced obesity in mice on offspring metabolic and cardiovascular function. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed either a standard chow (3% fat, 7% sugar) or a palatable obesogenic diet (16% fat, 33% sugar)…

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Third-party social interaction and word learning from video

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Author: O’Doherty, K.; Troseth, G.L.; Shimpi, P.M.; Goldenberg, E.; Akhtar, N.; Saylor, M.M. Description: In previous studies, very young children have learned words while “overhearing” a conversation, yet they have had trouble learning words from a person on video. In Study 1, 64 toddlers (mean age=29.8 months) viewed an object-labeling demonstration in 1 of 4 conditions. In 2, the speaker (present or on video) directly addressed the child, and in 2, the speaker addressed another adult who was present or was with her on video. Study 2 involved 2 follow-up…

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Effects of restriction on children’s intake differ by child temperament, food reinforcement, and parent’s chronic use of restriction

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Author: Rollins, B.Y.; Loken, E.; Savage, J.S.; Birch, L.L. Description: Parents’ use of restrictive feeding practices is counterproductive, increasing children’s intake of restricted foods and risk for excessive weight gain. The aims of this research were to replicate Fisher and Birch’s (1999b) original findings that short-term restriction increases preschool children’s (3-5 y) selection, intake, and behavioral response to restricted foods, and to identify characteristics of children who were more susceptible to the negative effects of restriction. The experiment used a within-subjects design; 37 children completed the food reinforcement task and…

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Children with Anxiety

Attention bias modification treatment augmenting effects on cognitive behavioral therapy in children with anxiety: randomized controlled trial

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Author: Shechner, T.; Rimon-Chakir, A.; Britton, J.C.; Lotan, D.; Apter, A.; Bliese, P.D.; Pine, D.S.; Bar-Haim, Y. Description: OBJECTIVE: Attention bias modification treatment (ABMT) is a promising novel treatment for anxiety disorders, but clinical trials have focused largely on stand-alone formats among adults. This randomized controlled trial examined the augmenting effects of threat-based ABMT on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in clinically anxious youth. METHOD: Sixty-three treatment-seeking children with anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 3 treatment groups: ABMT + CBT; ABMT placebo + CBT; and CBT-alone….

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Parent discipline practices in an international sample

Parent discipline practices in an international sample: associations with child behaviors and moderation by perceived normativeness

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Author: Gershoff, E.T.; Grogan-Kaylor, A.; Lansford, J.E.; Chang, L.; Zelli, A.; Deater-Deckard, K.; Dodge, K.A. Description: This study examined the associations of 11 discipline techniques with children’s aggressive and anxious behaviors in an international sample of mothers and children from 6 countries and determined whether any significant associations were moderated by mothers’ and children’s perceived normativeness of the techniques. Participants included 292 mothers and their 8- to 12-year-old children living in China, India, Italy, Kenya, Philippines, and Thailand. Parallel multilevel and fixed effects models revealed that mothers’ use of corporal…

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