Tag: Children

Association Between Ambient Air Pollution and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Author: Ahmad, S; K G, N; Mani Babu A; Ranjan, R; Kumar, P Description: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between postnatal exposure to ambient air pollutants (particulate matter (PM)(2.5), PM(10), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2))) and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Observational studies, including cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional designs, that examined the relationship between postnatal exposure to ambient air pollution and ADHD in children were included, while studies focusing on prenatal exposure or unrelated neurodevelopmental outcomes were excluded. A comprehensive search…

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The role of explicit and implicit self-esteem in peer modeling of palatable food intake: a study on social media interaction among youngsters

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Author: Bevelander, KE; Anschutz, DJ; Creemers, DH; Kleinjan, M; Engels, RC Description: OBJECTIVE: This experimental study investigated the impact of peers on palatable food intake of youngsters within a social media setting. To determine whether this effect was moderated by self-esteem, the present study examined the roles of global explicit self-esteem (ESE), body esteem (BE) and implicit self-esteem (ISE). METHODS: Participants (N = 118; 38.1% boys; M age 11.14+/-.79) were asked to play a computer game while they believed to interact online with a same-sex normal-weight remote confederate (i.e., instructed…

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The Role of Social Support in the Association between Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Self-injury and Suicide: Findings from a Statewide Sample of High School Students

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Author: Forster, M; Grigsby, TJ; Gower, AL; Mehus, CJ; McMorris, BJ Description: Extensive literature documents that adverse childhood experiences increase risk for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide behaviors among adolescents. However, few studies have examined patterns of co-occurring family based adversities, whether distinct patterns of adversity are differentially associated with NSSI and suicide behaviors, and if social support can offset the impact of adversity for these behaviors. This study used a statewide school-based sample that was 50.1% female, 71% non-Hispanic White, and evenly divided by grade (9th grade N =…

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Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research

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Author: Compas, BE; Connor-Smith, JK; Saltzman, H; Thomsen, AH; Wadsworth, ME Description: Progress and issues in the study of coping with stress during childhood and adolescence are reviewed. Definitions of coping are considered, and the relationship between coping and other aspects of responses to stress (e.g., temperament and stress reactivity) is described. Questionnaire, interview, and observation measures of child and adolescent coping are evaluated with regard to reliability and validity. Studies of the association of coping with symptoms of psychopathology and social and academic competence are reviewed. Initial progress has…

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Nitrate and Brain/CNS Cancer Diagnoses in the First Year of Life

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Author: Sajid, Arshi; Semprini, Jason Description: Nitrates in drinking water, common in agricultural states like Iowa, pose health risks to young infants. This brief first reviews the plausible biological mechanisms linking nitrate exposure to brain and central nervous system (BCNS) cancers in the first year of life. We then linked historic water quality and cancer registry data at the county level to construct linear and quantile regression models estimating the association between a BCNS diagnosis and nitrate measures. We found significantly higher nitrate levels preceding pediatric zero-year-old BCNS cancer diagnoses….

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Agricultural Compounds in Water and Birth Defects

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Author: Brender, Jean D.; Weyer, Peter J. Description: Agricultural compounds have been detected in drinking water, some of which are teratogens in animal models. The most commonly detected agricultural compounds in drinking water include nitrate, atrazine, and desethylatrazine. Arsenic can also be an agricultural contaminant, although arsenic often originates from geologic sources. Nitrate has been the most studied agricultural compound in relation to prenatal exposure and birth defects. In several case-control studies published since 2000, women giving birth to babies with neural tube defects, oral clefts, and limb deficiencies were…

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Experiences of parents of autistic children who adopted a cat

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Author: Carlisle, Gretchen K.; Lamontagne, Angelique; Bibbo, Jessica; Johnson, Rebecca A.; Lyons, Leslie A. Description: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication. Autistic children suffer from social cognitive difficulties. There is no specific treatment for ASD, but ongoing individualized care can lead to an improvement in symptoms. Adopting a pet into a family with an autistic child is increasingly recognized as beneficial for improving some of the child’s social skills. Cats are the second most common pet in the homes of autistic…

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Visual attention patterns dogs and cats

Visual Attention Patterns Differ in Dog vs. Cat Interactions With Children With Typical Development or Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Author: Grandgeorge, Marine; Gautier, Yentl; Bourreau, Yannig; Mossu, Heloise; Hausberger, Martine Description: Visual social attention is an important part of the social life of many species, including humans, but its patterning may vary between species. Studies on human-pet relationships have revealed that visual attention is also part of such interspecific interactions and that pets are sensitive to the human visual attentional state. It has been argued that domestication and/or repeated experiences with humans have shaped and refined these decoding abilities. Little is known on how the species’ evolutionary history may…

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Firearm Laws and Pediatric Mortality in the US

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Author: Faust, Jeremy Samuel; Chen, Ji; Bhat, Shriya; Otugo, Onyekachi; Yaver, Miranda; Renton, Benjamin; Chen, Alexander Junxiang; Lin, Zhenqiu; Krumholz, Harlan M. Description: IMPORTANCE: Firearms are the leading cause of death in US children and adolescents, but little is known about whether the overall legal landscape was associated with excess mortality after a landmark US Supreme Court decision in 2010. OBJECTIVE: To measure excess mortality due to firearms among US children aged 0 to 17 years after the McDonald v Chicago US Supreme Court decision (2010). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:…

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The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review

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Author: Dewald, Julia F.; Meijer, Anne M.; Oort, Frans J.; Kerkhof, Gerard A.; Bogels, Susan M. Description: Insufficient sleep, poor sleep quality and sleepiness are common problems in children and adolescents being related to learning, memory and school performance. The associations between sleep quality (k=16 studies, N=13,631), sleep duration (k=17 studies, N=15,199), sleepiness (k=17, N=19,530) and school performance were examined in three separate meta-analyses including influential factors (e.g., gender, age, parameter assessment) as moderators. All three sleep variables were significantly but modestly related to school performance. Sleepiness showed the strongest…

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