Tag: Prejudice

Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Predict Annual Increases in Generalized Prejudice

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Author: Osborne, Danny; Satherley, Nicole; Little, Todd D.; Sibley, Chris G. Description: Although right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) are the two most studied individual difference correlates of prejudice, debate remains over their status as enduring constructs that precede generalized prejudice. We contribute to this discussion using 10 annual waves of longitudinal data from a nationwide random sample of adults to investigate the stability and temporal precedence of RWA, SDO, and prejudice among members of an ethnic majority group (Ns = 23,383-47,217). Results reveal high wave-to-wave rank-order stability…

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Authoritarianism and anti-gay prejudice

Right-wing authoritarianism predicts prejudice equally toward “gay men and lesbians” and “homosexuals”

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Author: Crawford, Jarret T.; Brandt, Mark J.; Inbar, Yoel; Mallinas, Stephanie R. Description: Two recent experiments found evidence for what we term the social category label (SCL) effect-that the relationship between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and prejudice against gay men and lesbians can be reduced or even eliminated when the target group is labeled “gay men and lesbians” rather than “homosexuals”. Although this appears a promising approach to reduce self-reported sexual prejudice, with both theoretical implications for the meaning of RWA itself and practical implications for question wording for assessing these…

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Sociophonetics and language prejudice: Accent matters: a socio-psychological perspective on sociophonetics

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Author: Witkowska, M., Filippi, S., Formanowicz, M., & Suitner, C. Description: People communicate substantial information about themselves with their accents. Through a social psychological lens, this chapter reviews first that people pay attention and react to different accents due to their evolutionary (signal of potential threat), social (signal of group membership), and cognitive (signal that is difficult to process) relevance. Second, this chapter discusses various effects related to the difficulty of comprehension of accented speech, the activation of social categories by vocal and other concomitant cues, and the stereotypes and…

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Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination

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Author: Fiske, S. T. Description: Examines why stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination are enduring phenomena. Social psychological research, reviewed here in 4 major sections, explains that stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination have (1) some apparently automatic aspects and (2) some socially pragmatic aspects, both of which tend to sustain them. But, as research also indicates, change is possible, for (3) stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination seem individually controllable, and consequently, (4) social structure influences their occurrence. Past and present theoretical approaches to these issues are also discussed. Subject headings: Stereotypes; Prejudice; Discrimination; Psychology…

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The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love and Outgroup Hate?

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Author: Brewer, M. Description: Allport (1954) recognized that attachment to one’s ingroups does not necessarily require hostility toward outgroups. Yet the prevailing approach to the study of ethnocentrism, ingroup bias, and prejudice presumes that ingroup love and outgroup hate are reciprocally related. Findings from both cross-cultural research and laboratory experiments support the alternative view that ingroup identification is independent of negative attitudes toward outgroups and that much ingroup bias and intergroup discrimination is motivated by preferential treatment of ingroup members rather than direct hostility toward outgroup members. Thus to understand…

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The Psychology of Sexual Prejudice

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Author: Herek, Gregory M. Description: Sexual prejudice refers to negative attitudes toward an individual because of her or his sexual orientation. In this article, the term is used to characterize heterosexuals’ negative attitudes toward (a) homosexual behavior, (b) people with a homosexual or bisexual orientation, and (c) communities of gay, lesbian, and bisexual people. Sexual prejudice is a preferable term to homophobia because it conveys no assumptions about the motivations underlying negative attitudes, locates the study of attitudes concerning sexual orientation within the broader context of social psychological research on…

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Prejudice: From Allport to DuBois

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Author: Gaines, S.; Reed, E. Description: The differences between the accounts of Gordon Allport (1954/1979) and W. E. B. DuBois (1903/1969) regarding the origins of prejudice and the impact of discrimination on the personality and social development of African Americans are examined. The authors contend that even though Allport’s universalist approach to the causes and consequences of prejudice essentially has gone unchallenged in the mainstream social-psychological literature, DuBois’s social-historical approach to personality psychology questions the assumptions that have guided theory and research on prejudice since the time of Allport. The…

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