Tag: Stress

Pair-housing of male and female rats during chronic stress exposure results in gender-specific behavioral responses

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Author: Westenbroek, C; Snijders, TA; den Boer, JA; Gerrits, M; Fokkema, DS; Ter Horst, GJ Description: Social support has a positive influence on the course of a depression and social housing of rats could provide an animal model for studying the neurobiological mechanisms of social support. Male and female rats were subjected to chronic footshock stress for 3 weeks and pair-housing of rats was used to mimic social support. Rats were isolated or housed with a partner of the opposite sex. A plastic tube was placed in each cage and…

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Social Anxiety, Stress Type, and Conformity among Adolescents

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Author: Zhang, P; Deng, Y; Yu, X; Zhao, X; Liu, X Description: Social anxiety and stress type can influence strong conformity among adolescents; however, the interaction between them is not clear. In this study, 152 adolescents were recruited and assigned one of two conditions: an interaction and a judgment condition. In the interaction condition, adolescents with high social anxiety (HSA) were less likely to conform when completing a modified Asch task, compared to adolescents who had low social anxiety. In the judgment condition, adolescents with HSA were more likely to…

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Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research

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Author: Compas, BE; Connor-Smith, JK; Saltzman, H; Thomsen, AH; Wadsworth, ME Description: Progress and issues in the study of coping with stress during childhood and adolescence are reviewed. Definitions of coping are considered, and the relationship between coping and other aspects of responses to stress (e.g., temperament and stress reactivity) is described. Questionnaire, interview, and observation measures of child and adolescent coping are evaluated with regard to reliability and validity. Studies of the association of coping with symptoms of psychopathology and social and academic competence are reviewed. Initial progress has…

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Coping flexibility and psychological adjustment to stressful life changes: a meta-analytic review

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Author: Cheng, C; Lau, HP; Chan, MP Description: Compared with the large body of literature on coping, coping flexibility has received relatively scant research attention, although more such studies have begun to emerge recently. Researchers have conceptualized coping flexibility in diverse ways: as a broad coping repertoire, a well-balanced coping profile, cross-situational variability in strategy deployment, a good strategy-situation fit, or the perceived ability to cope with environmental changes. This meta-analysis is the first to provide a summary estimate of the overall effect size and investigate cross-study sources of variation…

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“Shift-and-Persist” Strategies: Why Low Socioeconomic Status Isn’t Always Bad for Health

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Author: Chen, E; Miller, GE Description: Some individuals, despite facing recurrent, severe adversities in life such as low socioeconomic status (SES), are nonetheless able to maintain good physical health. This article explores why these individuals deviate from the expected association of low SES and poor health and outlines a “shift-and-persist” model to explain the psychobiological mechanisms involved. This model proposes that, in the midst of adversity, some children find role models who teach them to trust others, better regulate their emotions, and focus on their futures. Over a lifetime, these…

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The political is personal: The costs of daily politics

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Author: Ford, Brett Q.; Feinberg, Matthew; Lassetter, Bethany; Thai, Sabrina; Gatchpazian, Arasteh Description: Politics and its controversies have permeated everyday life, but the daily impact of politics on the general public is largely unknown. Here, we apply an affective science framework to understand how the public experiences daily politics in a two-part examination. We first used longitudinal, daily diary methods to track two samples of U.S. participants as they experienced daily political events across 2 weeks (Study 1: N = 198, observations = 2,167) and 3 weeks (Study 2: N…

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Politics is making us sick: The negative impact of political engagement on public health during the Trump administration

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Author: Smith, Kevin B. Description: Objectives: To quantify the effect of politics on the physical, psychological, and social health of American adults during the four-year span of the Trump administration. Methods: A previously validated politics and health scale was used to compare health markers in nationally representative surveys administered to separate samples in March 2017 (N = 800) and October 2020 (N = 700). Participants in the 2020 survey were re-sampled approximately two weeks after the 2020 election and health markers were compared to their pre-election baselines. Results: Large numbers…

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Adult age differences in the psychophysiological response to acute stress

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Author: Mikneviciute, Greta; Pulopulos, Matias M.; Allaert, Jens; Armellini, Alexis; Rimmele, Ulrike; Kliegel, Matthias; Ballhausen, Nicola Description: Age-related differences in the psychophysiology of the acute stress response are poorly understood given the limited number of studies and the high heterogeneity of findings. The present study contributes by investigating age differences in both the psychological and physiological responses to acute stress in a sample of healthy younger (N=50; 18-30; Mage = 23.06; SD = 2.90) and older adults (N=50; 65-84; Mage = 71.12; SD = 5.02). Specifically, the effects of psychosocial…

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Puberty and adolescence as a time of vulnerability to stressors that alter neurobehavioral processes

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Author: Holder, M.K.; Blaustein, J.D. Description: Puberty and adolescence are major life transitions during which an individual’s physiology and behavior changes from that of a juvenile to that of an adult. Here we review studies documenting the effects of stressors during pubertal and adolescent development on the adult brain and behavior. The experience of complex or compound stressors during puberty/adolescence generally increases stress reactivity, increases anxiety and depression, and decreases cognitive performance in adulthood. These behavioral changes correlate with decreased hippocampal volumes and alterations in neural plasticity. Moreover, stressful experiences…

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Translational developmental studies of stress on brain and behavior: implications for adolescent mental health and illness?

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Author: Malter Cohen, M.; Tottenham, N.; Casey, B.J. Description: Adolescence is the transition from childhood to adulthood, with onset marked by puberty and the offset by relative independence from parents. Across species, it is a time of incredible change that carries increased risks and rewards. The ability of the individual to respond adequately to the mental, physical and emotional stresses of life during this time is a function of both their early environment and their present state. In this article, we focus on the effects that acute threat and chronic…

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